标题：新东方新概念第三册笔记完美再现课堂讲解【原创】

新东方新概念第二册笔记完美再现课堂讲解(原创） http://bbs.wwenglish.org/dispbbs.asp?boardID=28&ID=54890 Maygrass 2003-09-11编辑 （编辑原因：楼主相关帖子推荐 ） 我的时间有限，无法对各人来论坛的用意作仔细的调查判断，只有一条标准： 这里是英语论坛，对提高英语学习有帮助的帖子，无任欢迎。 其他只要不是明显灌水，可以宽容对待。 另 我不想揣度来这里发贴说话者的心思用意，有一条要求： 请跟贴的朋友注意自己的言辞----不合适的言辞，会对他人造成不必要的伤害。对此，我不会手下留情---执行“删”字决，这也是我一贯坚持的。 Maygrass 2003-09-21记 Lesson 1 A Puma at large 逃遁的美洲狮 【New words and expressions】 生词和短语 学习词汇时仅知道汉语语义是不够的，要把单词放在语句中体会其应用 学习关键句结构是则要把它放在段落结构或文章里 ★puma n. 美洲狮 ★spot v. 看出，发现 pick out,see,recognise,catch,sight of spot=see : 强调结果、辨别出、看见、识别、发现 find : 强调发现的结果 find out：查出事实真相 discover：做出重大发现 notice：注意到 observe：观察 watch：观察活动中的人或画面 A tall man is easy jto spot in the crowd. He has good eye for spotting mistakes. n. 斑点 There is a white spot on the shirt. on the spot 1.立刻，马上（at once ,immediately) Anyone breaking the rules will be asked to leave on the spot. 2.at the place of the action 在现场 Wherever she is needed,she is quickly on the spot. ★evidence n. 证据 不可数名词 When the police arrived,he had already destroied the evidence. evidence=proof in evidence: 显而易见的 He was in evidence at the party. evidently ，evidently ★accumulate v. 积累，积聚 强调积累的过程 As the evidence accumulates,experts from the zoo felt obliged to investigate. gather vt. 聚集，把某人召集在某处 collect 搜集，采集 assemble 集合，集会，vt.装配 hoard vt. 大量的储存 hoard up＝store up amass 积聚（主要用于诗歌和文学作品） The squirrel hoards up nuts for the cold winter ★oblige v. 使……感到必须 feel obliged to do sth 感觉有必要做某事 be obliged to do sth. 被迫做某事 ★hunt n. 追猎；寻找 run after 强调追赶、追求 seek/pursue 追寻 chase 追赶 hunt for search 搜寻某处为了寻找到某人或某物 ★blackberry n. 黑莓 ★human being 人类 ★corner v. 使走投无路，使陷入困境 n.角落 at the corner of the street in the corner of the room on the corner of the desk 经常使用被动语态 The thief was cornered at last The problem cornered me. ★trail n. 一串，一系列 （vt.)trail：follow The police trailed the criminal to the place where he was hiding ★print n. 印痕 ★cling v. 粘 clung She is always clinging to her mother. He clung to the hope that he would succeed. stick 粘住； stick to 坚持； sticky 粘的 ★convince v. 使……信服 convince sb.of sth. 和宾语从句that搭配使用 没有宾语的情况下要采用主系表结构：be convinced ★somehow adv. 不知怎么搞地，不知什么原因 by some means,in some way ,for some reason unknown somewhat : a little ★disturb v. 令人不安 disturbing: 令人不安的 disturbed: 感到不安的 exciting：令人激动的 excited：感到激动的 Listen to the tape then answer the question below. 听录音，然后回答以下问题。 Where must the puma have come from? Pumas are large, cat-like animals which are found in America. When reports came into London Zoo that a wild puma had been spotted forty-five miles south of London, they were not taken seriously. However, as the evidence began to accumulate, experts from the Zoo felt obliged to investigate, for the descriptions given by people who claimed to have seen the puma were extraordinarily similar. The hunt for the puma began in a small village where a woman picking blackberries saw 'a large cat' only five yards away from her. It immediately ran away when she saw it, and experts confirmed that a puma will not attack a human being unless it is cornered. The search proved difficult, for the puma was often observed at one place in the morning and at another place twenty miles away in the evening. Wherever it went, it left behind it a trail of dead deer and small animals like rabbits. Paw prints were seen in a number of places and puma fur was found clinging to bushes. Several people complained of "cat-like noises' at night and a businessman on a fishing trip saw the puma up a tree. The experts were now fully convinced that the animal was a puma, but where had it come from? As no pumas had been reported missing from any zoo in the country, this one must have been in the possession of a private collector and somehow managed to escape. The hunt went on for several weeks, but the puma was not caught. It is disturbing to think that a dangerous wild animal is still at large in the quiet countryside. 参考译文 美洲狮是一种体形似猫的大动物，产于美洲。当伦敦动物园接到报告说，在伦敦以南45英里处发现一只美洲狮时，这些报告并没有受到重视。可是，随着证据越来越多，动物园的专家们感到有必要进行一番调查，因为凡是声称见到过美洲狮的人们所描述的情况竟是出奇地相似。 搜寻美洲狮的工作是从一座小村庄开始的。那里的一位妇女在采摘黑莓时的看见“一只大猫”，离她仅5码远，她刚看见它，它就立刻逃走了。专家证实，美洲狮非被逼得走投无路，是决不会伤人的。事实上搜寻工作很困难，因为常常是早晨在甲地发现那只美洲狮，晚上却在20英里外的乙地发现它的踪迹。无论它走哪儿，一路上总会留下一串死鹿及死兔子之类的小动物，在许多地方看见爪印，灌木丛中发现了粘在上面的美洲狮毛。有人抱怨说夜里听见“像猫一样的叫声”；一位商人去钓鱼，看见那只美洲狮在树上。专家们如今已经完全肯定那只动物就是美洲狮，但它是从哪儿来的呢？由于全国动物园没有一家报告丢了美洲狮，因此那只美洲狮一定是某位私人收藏豢养的，不知怎么设法逃出来了。搜寻工作进行了好几个星期，但始终未能逮住那只美洲狮。想到在宁静的乡村里有一头危险的野兽继续逍遥流窜，真令人担心。 【课文讲解】 at large:逃遁的，没有被控制的 详细地（in detail) 总体来讲（as a whole) 在英文的表达方式中，首先呈现给读者的是结果 写议论文的时候要注意把握观点 Pandas are large cat-like animals which are found in Asia. life-like: 栩栩如生的 一般来讲定语从句和同位语从句紧随在被修缮名词后面，但为了保持句子平衡，也可以把谓语动词放到从句之前 定语从句只是对于被修缮词的补充说明、修缮； 同位语从句则是讲述被修饰名词的内容 定语从句的引导词： 指人：主语who; 宾语who/whom; 定语 whose 表达事物：that（也可以指人）/which 时间状语：when; 地点状语：where; 原因状语：why 同位语从句：名词做主语、宾语等，关系词用that而不是which 时间－when； 地点－where An idea came to her that she might do the experiment in another way. I have no idea what has happened to him。 定语从句中没有what这个关系词，但它可以引导同位语从句 take sth.seriously :deal with sth.seriously take sth.lightly as: 随着 过去分词做定语 声称曾经做过某事：claim to have done sth. I still remember the school where I studied English. confirm: be sure,be certain search=hunt 把某物留在后面：leave behind 英文的表达方式重点在于突出客观事实，而中文则善于运用动作的执行者 complain of /about 抱怨 on + 名词：强调动作正在进行 on the rise :在上升 on the increase: 在增加 on the watch: 在观看 on the match: 在比赛中 on the fishing trip: 在钓鱼的途中 on holiday: 在度假 fully: completely,entirely in the possession of sb.=in sb.'s possession 归某人所有 in possession of sth. 拥有某物 take possession of 拥有 The beautiful car is in my possession/in the possession of me I am in possession of the beautiful car The person in possession of the big house is excited. It is disturbing to think that... 熟读并背诵第一自然段 at large take something seriously cling to leave behind complain of in the possession of/in possession of feel obliged to investigate a woman picking blackberries a businessman on fishing trip go on for several weeks in the quiet countryside 【Special Difficulties】 Exerises A 1. at/for 2. to 3. to 4. in 5. on Exercises B 1. He is the man we have heard about so much. 2. The shelf you put those books on has collapsed 3.Whom did you receive a letter from? Whom 不能省略 定语从句中Which以及指代人的做宾语的Whom,在非正式用法当中可以省略 省略时，介词不能前置到关系代词Whom,Which前，只能用于非固定的动词短语后面 look at :注视 look for: 寻找，介词不能前置 live in : 居住，介词可以前置 This is the old house in which he lived. This is the old house he lived in. 4.This is the road we came by? 5.Where is the pencil you were playing with? 【Supplementary Written Exercises】 要求陈述原因 1.Experts from the zoo felt obliged... 正确答案：D in common-simliar 2.（A)只是一个具体的特定的事列，阅读理解题的时候要把握中心大意 （B) large cat 3. (C) 答案正确 做理解题时要紧扣主题、紧扣中心大意 文章最后一句话总结了大意 句型结构题和词汇题是关键 4. C选项正确 think make－make somebody do,be made to do 在主动语态中不定式to的符号应该省略 被动语态中不定式to的符号必须补充完整 5.把say改成claim－People claimed to have seen the puma. D正确－清楚的道明了动作发生的先后关系 6.与原句中的when意思要一致 when引导的时间状语从句表示－...就 结构形式和as soon as相一致的——B答案正确 主动－On observing her,it immediately ran away. 7.unless--if...not/except on the condition that when=if except可以和名词/名词性从句进行搭配，也可是when/if引导的从句形式 D正确 8.must be只是对客观现实的推测，时态不一致 D正确 情态动词表达推测的语意概念时，对于过去事实推测一定要用情态动词have以及过去分词形式进行搭配 9.on more than-only within=not more than 10.in a corner 表示处于困境、尴尬的境地 B正确 in a trap 表示落于陷阱中 at an angle 表示弯曲的、不直的 11.B正确 fishes for pleasure 12.A正确 on his own=alone 欢迎进入考研公共课最全资料ｆｔｐ 里面有最全的英语，考研资料 ftp://hmgod.vicp.net 下载请联系： 　hm_icrosoft@hotmail.com 或 　hm_honest@hotmail.com 　QQ：１３５５２３１５

论坛有不少新东方的笔记，但我比较喜欢你的这种格式，希望继续努力，我会一直关注的

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Lesson 2 Thirteen equals one 十三等于一 【New words and expressions】 生词和短语 ★equal v. 等于 A equals B 与...相匹敌 None of us can equal her,either in beauty or as dancer Mary is quite equal to John in brains. be equal to: 有能力、有力量来做某事 to- 介词 ★vicar n. 牧师 ★raise v. 募集，筹（款） 提高、饲养、供养、种植、召集、招募、提出、发出 ★torchlight n. 电筒光 Listen to the tape then answer the question below. 听录音，然后回答以下问题。 Was the vicar pleased that the clock was striking? Why? Our vicar is always raising money for one cause or another, but he has never managed to get enough money to have the church clock repaired. The big clock which used to strike the hours day and night was damaged many years ago and has been silent ever since. One night, however, our vicar work up with a start: the clock was striking the hours! Looking at his watch, he saw that it was one o'clock, but the bell struck thirteen times before it stopped. Armed with a torch, the vicar went up into the clock tower to see what was going on. In the torchlight, he caught sight of a figure whom he immediately recognized as Bill Wilkins, our local grocer. 'Whatever are you doing up here Bill?' asked the vicar in surprise. 'I'm trying to repair the bell,' answered Bill. 'I've been coming up here night after night for weeks now. You see, I was hoping to give you a surprise.' 'You certainly did give me a surprise!' said the vicar. 'You've probably woken up everyone in the village as well. Still, I'm glad the bell is working again.' That's the trouble, vicar,' answered Bill. 'It's working all right, but I'm afraid that at one o'clock it will strike thirteen times and there's nothing I can do about it." We'll get used to that, Bill,' said the vicar. "Thirteen is not as good as one, but it's better than nothing. Now let's go downstairs and have a cup of tea.' 参考译文 我们教区的牧师总是为各种各样的事筹集资金。但始终未能筹足资金把教堂的钟修好。教堂的钟很大，以前不分昼夜打点报时，但很多年前遭到毁坏，从此便无声无息了。 一天夜里，我们的牧师突然被惊醒了，大钟又在“打点”报时了！他一看表，才1点钟，可是那钟一边敲了13下才停。牧师拿着一支电筒走上钟楼想去看看究竟发生了什么事情。借着电筒光。他看见一个人，马上认出那是本地杂货店主经比尔.威尔金斯。 “你究竟在这上面干什么，比尔？”牧师惊讶地问。 “我想把这口钟修好，”比尔回答说。“好几个星期了，我天天夜里到钟楼上来。嗯，我是想让你大吃一惊。” “你确实使我大吃了一惊！”牧师说，“也许同时你把村里所有的人都吵醒了。不过，钟又能报时了，我还是很高兴的。” “问题就在这里，牧师，”比尔回答说。“不错，钟能报时了，但是，恐怕每到1点钟，它总要敲13下，对此我已无能为力了。” “大家慢慢就习惯了，比尔，”牧师说。“13下是不如1下好，但总比1下也不敲强。来，咱们下楼去喝杯茶吧。” 【课文讲解】 现在进行时和always等频度副词的搭配——表示说话人带有的情感色彩 Tome is always doing homework. Tom always does his homework. He is always making noises. one or another: 表示某种，这样或那样 I have to get enough money to have my house repaired have the church clock repaired——have something done 找某人来做某事 have the plane repaired have hair cut 某人所遭受到的意外某种情况——主语必须是发出动作的人 His wallet was stolen. He had his wallet stolen. used to：过去常常做，而现在不再发生的事情了 He used to smoke every day. however——用于口语，主要用于句首，作文中，最好用在句中、句尾， 要用逗号分隔开来 He said that it was so ,he was mistaken,however He said that it was so,however,he was mistaken. I know his story,however,I wouldn't like to tell you. I know his story,I,however,wouldn't like to tell you nevertheless nonetheless start: 惊跳，惊奇 before：...才 Armed with a torch... 现在分词和过去分词的用法 looking 分词做状语/定语的时候，一定要注意它和逻辑主语要呼应一致 in the torchlight 非正式用语中whom可以省略掉 recognized somebody as: 认出某人是 regard somebody as,think of somebody as,treat somebody as have on somebody as whatever: ever用来加强语气 night after night: 一夜连着一夜 day after day year after year week after week bus after bus did 肯定句中常用do,did,does加强语气和情感色彩，一定要位于动词原形之前 as well 用在句尾相当于to,主要用于肯定句中，但比to所表达的语意更优秀 stil用于句首，用逗号分隔开来——表达一个转折的关系：虽然如此，但是 get used to,be used to,be accustomed to,get accustomed to 都表示习惯于 get强调渐近的过程， be强调习惯了的状态 【Special difficulties】 in prep. 表达惊奇、恐惧、失望或生气等感情色彩的名词搭配连用在句中起状语作用 in surprise;in astonishment;in alarm;in embarrassment in amazement;in despair;in dismay; in anger; in disappointment in prep. 表示以、用；用于语言，书写材料，色彩或声音等方面 in English; in pencil; in ink; in a few words; in such a hight voice; in oil; in red; in code in 表示状态、情况或处境 in trouble; in difficulty; in bed; in a hurry; in debt; in love with sb. in tears; in good order; in good repair; in good health ;in poor health; in the bad mood; in the good mood; in haste; in a favor of excitement; in poverty; in luxury Use a phrase with n in place of the words in italics. very quickly --in a hurry eventually ---in the end be seen --- in sight with a pen/with a pencil -- in ink/in pencil which they share --- in common crying -- tears 【Choose the correct answers】 1... because ___the bell had been out of order...(was damaged)__ 2... because ___it was an unusual time..._______ 3... because ___he was grateful for...____ 为……表示感谢：be grateful for/be thankful for 不辞辛劳地做某事：take the trouble to do sth. 【Structure】 4...B... in the past 是过去时态的标志；always用在实意动词之前 5...D... 强调句式结构it was not until...that... — 直到……才…… It was not until midnight that snow stopped. 6...B... 宾语从句的语序是陈述句语序 7. ...C... 突出结果或者对现在的影响，现在完成时 8...A... to介词，表示习惯于 9...B... fund 基金； cash 现金； scholarship 奖学金；investment 投资 10...A... run a shop 经营商店 11...A... night after night=every night 12...C... still 尽管如此，依旧，仍然—just the same It's raining,still I must go out still连接性副词，相当于in spite of that,even though,just the same yet 但是，然而 I have failed,yet I shall try again. This picture is not too valuable,still I like it. 欢迎进入考研公共课最全资料ｆｔｐ 里面有最全的英语，考研资料 ftp://hmgod.vicp.net 下载请联系： 　hm_icrosoft@hotmail.com 或 　hm_honest@hotmail.com 　QQ：１３５５２３１５

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Lesson 3 An unknown goddess 无名女神 【New words and expressions】 生词和短语 ★goddess(tile) n. 女神 ★archaeologist n. 考古学家 ★Aegean adj. 爱玲海的 ★explore v. 考察，勘探 The archaeologists are exploring the cave. exploration n. explorer n. 探险家 ★promontory n. 海角 ★prosperous adj. （经济上）繁荣的，昌盛的 our finance is prosperous thriving 昌盛的，兴旺的 booming 蓬勃的，景气的 flourishing 繁茂的，健康的 ★civilization n. 文明 high level of civilization 高度文明 civilize v. ★storey n. 楼层 ★drainage n. 排水 ★worship n. 祟拜 respect;admire Who do you worship in the world? warship n. 军舰战船 ★sacred adj. 宗教的，神圣的 holy adj. 神圣的，圣洁的 solemn adj. 庄严的，庄重的 sacred music 圣乐 sacred promise 神圣的诺言 ★fragment n. 碎片 ★remains n. 遗物，遗迹，废墟 ★classical adj. （希腊和罗马）古化的 classical music 古典音乐 classical education 人文科学教育 classic adj. 第一流的 This is the classic example of love at the first sight. classic n. 杰作，经典之作 ★reconstruct v. 修复 re-重新，再次 construct 构造，建造，组织 build house 造建造物 put up a tent construct a sentence construct a broken statuary erect: build high buildings erect monument 建造纪念碑 erect clock tower 建造钟楼 setup; establish; found 建立 setup students' union establish a school/rule found a country construction n. constructive adj. 有教育意义的 constructor n. ★rest v. 倚放，放置 ★hip n. 屁股，臀部 hip n. [口]在服用兴奋剂、宗教信仰方面赶时髦的人；消息灵通人士；adj.通晓的，见闻广的 Mary is a real hip. The guy isn't a hip. joined at the hip 表示交情极厚的 Eg.: These two are joined at the hip. shoot from the hip 信口开河 Eg.:Sorry,I said that I shouldn't have shot from the hip. ★full-length adj. （裙衣）拖地长的 a full-length dress 拽地长裙 ★graceful adj. 优雅的 a graceful lady elegant(behavier) ★identity n. 身份 Listen to the tape then answer the question below. 听录音，然后回答以下问题。 How did the archaeologists know that the statue was a goddess? Some time ago, and interesting discovery was made by archaeologists on the Aegean island of Kea. An American team explored a temple which stands in an ancient city on the promontory of Ayia Irini. The city at one time must have been prosperous, for it enjoyed a high level of civilization. Houses -- often three storeys high -- were built of stone. They had large rooms with beautifully decorated walls. The city was equipped with a drainage system, for a great many clay pipes were found beneath the narrow streets. The temple which the archaeologists explored was used as a place of worship from the fifteenth century B.C. until Roman times. In the most sacred room of temple, clay fragments of fifteen statues were found. Each of these represented a goddess and had, at one time, been painted. The body of one statue was found among remains dating from the fifteenth century B.C. It's missing head happened to be among remains of the fifth century B.C. This head must have been found in Classical times and carefully preserved. It was very old and precious even then. When the archaeologists reconstructed the fragments, they were amazed to find that the goddess turned out to be a very modern-looking woman. She stood three feet high and her hands rested on her hips. She was wearing a full-length skirt which swept the ground. Despite her great age, she was very graceful indeed, but, so far, the archaeologists have been unable to discover her identity. 参考译文 不久之前，在爱琴海的基亚岛上，考古工作者有一项有趣的发现。一个美国考古队在阿伊亚.依里尼海角的一座古城里考察了一座庙宇。这座古城肯定一度很繁荣，因为它曾享有高度的文明，房子一般有3层楼高，用石块修建。里面房间很大，墙壁装饰华丽。城里甚至还敷设了排水系统，因为在狭窄的街道底下发现了许许多多陶土制作的排水管道。 考古工作者考察的这座庙宇从公元前15世纪直到罗马时代一直是祭祀祈祷的场所。在庙中最神圣的一间殿堂里发现了15尊陶雕像的碎片。每一尊雕像代表一位女神，而且一度上过色。其中有一尊雕像，她的躯体是在公元前15世纪的历史文物中发现的，而她那身异处的脑袋却碰巧是在公元前5世纪的文物中找到的。她的脑袋一定是在古希腊罗马时代就为人所发现，并受到精心的保护。却使在当时，它也属历史悠久的珍奇之物。考古工作者把这些碎片重新拼装起来后，惊奇地发现那位女神原来是一位相貌十分摩登的女郎。她身高3英尺，双手叉腰。身穿一条拖地长裙，尽管上了年纪，但体态确实优美。不过，考古工作者至今未能确定这位女神的身份。 【课文讲解】 an interesting discovery : 强调discovery,体现发现这个动作被考古学家做出 主动语态难以突出重点 archaeologists made an interesting discovery 英文表达：事件、结果、影响、效果为主语、强调对客观事实的陈述 An American team explored a temple which.... which引导定语从句，修饰限定temple which stands in an ancient city on... which = that; stand = lie,situate(vt.),locate(vt.) An American team explored a temple which is located/situated in... An American team explored a temple which lies in stand 表示高高坐落于，矗立于 She stands 1.75m./A great tree stands on the mount. The city at one time must have been prosperous,for it... for 引导原因状语从句，对主句的附加说明和解释，提供更多的信息 because 引导原因状语从句，重点突出原因 Eg.:The day broke for the birds were singing. at one time 表达曾经，一度；过去时态的标志，once must have been 对过去事实肯定的推测 enjoyed a high level of civilization 享有高度文明 with... a young man with broad shoulders/an old lady with balck hair beautifully decorated 过去分词做定语 a beautifully dressed lady 衣着漂亮的女士/a deserted carpark 废弃的停车场 a white painted door 被刷成白色的门 现在分词做定语，被修饰词与修饰词之间为逻辑主动关系 a boy climbing the tree/the students reading in the room The city was even equipped with...for ...were found be equipped with 配备，装备 the car was equipped with air conditioning. for 引导原因状语从句 beneath the narrow streets /under the narrow streets prep. beneath=under 正下方 He is standing under/beneath the umbrella under在进行中：under control 控制之中；under discussion讨论之中 under repairs修理之中 below 在下方，强调在斜下方 She is sitting below the window The temple which.... be used as/be used to be把……用作为 The box was used as a desk in the small village school. The wooden box was used as a bookcase The wooden box is used to contain books in the most sacred room of... Each of these represented...been painted. represent vt. 代表 I represent all the classmates. The body of one statue was found... dating 现在分词，修饰remains the customs dating from 1990 The tradition dates from the time when his grandfather was young . The castle dates from the 14th century. The castle dates back to the 14th century. Its missing head happened to be among remains of... happen to 强调事情的偶然发生 I happen to have driven that kind of car. He happened to find the ticket in his pocket. 句式：It happens that... It happened that I met her on my way to work. I happened to meet her on my way work. happen on 巧遇，偶然 I happened on this old picture in the back of the drawer. Guess,who I happened on while I was in London last month? reconstruct: put together,piece together,restore amazed;very much surprised surprised;astonished;amazed;astounded感到惊讶，语气递增 astonished;much surprised;amazed; very much surprised 惊奇 astounded 非常惊讶、惊奇、惊愕 to find.../to discover.../to realize... I'm not surprised to see you here turn out 表示结果；prove turn out(to be)+ n./adj. The concert turned out to be a failure. Our party turned out (to be)a suxxess. It turned out that.... that 从句，或其他名词从句；it作形式主语 It turned out that the diamonds had been in the bank all the time. It turned out that his statement was false. as it turns out Eg.: As it turned out,there was no need to worry. Eg.: As it turned out,the report was mistaken. She stood three feet high and her hands rested on her hips. rest on = depend on,lean on His hand rested lightly on my shoulder which swept the ground 近一步说明拖地的，拽地的 despite＝in spite of + n./动名词 It is still a problem for the archaeologists up to now. so far,up to now 完成时的标志 discover her identity; find out her identity 【Special difficulties】 happen(to),it happened that... 【Multiple choice questions】 （1)...d... 'Its missing head happened to be among remains of the fifth century B.C.' (2)...d... this is comfirmed by the fact that 引导同位语从句，补充说明fact的内容 be employed in :被应用在...方面 （3)...a... in doing sth.:在...方面 (4)... know:知道，认识；经历过，曾经有过（＝experience) 文学用语，比experience更加正式 （5)...b... since：自从 主干的时态为现在完成时 （6)...c... to one's surprise:使某人感到惊讶的是 （在句中可做独立的状语，句子的主语不必是某个人） with surprise: 惊讶地 （首先，必须与行为动词连用，其次，句子的主语必须是某个人） To my great disappointment the train had already left With satisfaction/delight/dismay He smoked his last cigarette with satisfaction. He went home with dismay. To our dismay the party proved to be a failure. Structure （7)...b... despite = in spite of (可以和名词、代词、动名词搭配） （8)...b... so far——现在完成时的标志 如果用possible/impossible，要采用形势主语it ...it has been impossible for the archaeologists to discover her identity. Vocabulary (9)...a... 原文中用到sacred（宗教的，神圣的） religious:宗教的 frightening:令人害怕的 colourful: 丰富多彩的 (10)...d... state well done 侧重强调做得好 conserve=keep from being wasted,damaged,lost,destroyed “不用尽或耗尽某物，保留” conserve your energy you needed. we must conserve our forest maintain:通过修缮保养，不使...破损（强调动作的过程）“维修，保养” （11)...b... turn out=prove (12)... so far=>until now,up till now befroehand :(a)事先＝in advance at this distance (of/in time):时隔已久 I can hardly remember him at this distance of time. 欢迎进入考研公共课最全资料ｆｔｐ 里面有最全的英语，考研资料 ftp://hmgod.vicp.net 下载请联系： 　hm_icrosoft@hotmail.com 或 　hm_honest@hotmail.com 　QQ：１３５５２３１５

你的笔记真的太好了，谢谢！

单词要是能注明音标就最好了

Lesson 4 The double life of Alfred Bloggs 阿尔弗雷德.布洛格斯的双重生活 【New words and expressions】 生词和短语 double：双重的 ★manual adj. 体力的 ＝physical manual work: 体力工作 mental work: 脑力工作 ★collar n. 衣领 white-collar:白领（do mental work) bule-collar: 蓝领（do manual work) （get) hot underthe collar:怒气冲天 ★sacrifice v. 牺牲，献出 vt.……to give up for good purpose sacrifice one's life for the country sacrifice time n.…… make many sacrifices ★privilege n. 好处 =advantage 特权（special right) 牺牲掉自己的好处： sacrifice one's advantage/privilege 特许某人做某事： give sb.the privilege of doing sth. privileged:（a.)荣幸的 ★dustman n. 清洁工 ★corporation n. 公司 ★overalls n. 工作服 ★shower n. 淋浴 ★secret n. 秘密 a. keep secret:保密 It's between you and me. I'll keep it to myself. confidential：机密的 in secret:私下里 ＝secretly,in private,privately I was told about it in secret. in the secret:知道内情 He was in the secret form the beginning ★status n. 地位 ＝social position status statue:雕像，塑像 Listen to the tape then answer the question below. 听录音，然后回答以下问题。 Why did Alf want a white-collar job? These days, people who do manual work often receive far more money than people who work in offices. People who work in offices are frequently referred to as "white-collar workers' for the simple reason that they usually wear a collar and tie to go to work. Such is human nature, that a great many people are often willing to sacrifice higher pay for the privilege of becoming white-collar workers. This can give rise to curious situations, as it did in the case of Alfred Bloggs who worked as a dustman for the Ellesmere Corporation. When he got married, Alf was too embarrassed to say anything to his wife about his job. He simply told her that he worked for the Corporation. Every morning, he left home dressed in a smart black suit. He then changed into overalls and spent the next eight hours as a dustman. Before returning home at night. He took a shower and changed back into his suit. Alf did this for over two years and his fellow dustmen kept his secret Alf's wife has never discovered that she married a dustman and she never will, for Alf has just found another job. He will soon be working in an office. He will be earning only half as much as he used to, but he feels that his rise in status is well worth the loss of money. From now on, he will wear a suit all day and others will call him 'Mr. Bloggs', not 'Alf'. 参考译文 如今，从事体力劳动的人的收入一般要比坐办公室的人高出许多。坐办公室的之所以常常被称作“白领工人”，就是因为他们通常是穿着硬领白衬衫，系着领带去上班。许多人常常情愿放弃较高的薪水以换取做白领工人的殊荣，此乃人之常情。而这常常会引起种种奇怪的现象，在埃尔斯米尔公司当清洁工的艾尔弗雷德.布洛斯就是一个例子。 艾尔弗结婚时，感到非常难为情，而没有将自己的职业告诉妻子。他只说在埃尔斯米尔公司上班。每天早晨，他穿上一身漂亮的黑色西装离家上班，然后换上工作服，当8个小时清洁工。晚上回家前，他洗个淋浴，重新换上那身黑色西服。两年多以来，艾尔弗一直这样，他的同事也为他保守秘密。艾尔弗的妻子一直不知道她嫁给了一个清洁工，而且她永远也不会知道了，因为艾尔弗已找到薪职，不久就要坐办公室里工作了。他将来挣的钱只有他现在的一半。不过他觉得，地位升高了，损失点儿钱也值得。从此，艾尔弗可以一天到晚穿西服了。别人将称呼他为“布洛格斯先生”，而不再叫他“艾尔弗”了。 【课文讲解】 people who do manual work=>blue-collar workers people who work in offices/do mental work=>white-collar workers for more money far-副词用来加强语气＝＝much refer to...as = regard...as 把...看作为 I always refer to him as boolworm（书呆子） for the simple reason=>for 引导的原因状语从句 for the reason that比because正式，因此多用于正式文体 human nature人性 such...that... that引导同位语从句，进一步补充说明such的基本内涵 His kindness was such that we will never forget him. ＝》Such was his kindness... Such is human nature that we want to get a lot of things free. 介词for表示一种目的 be willing to do sth.=be ready to do sth.心甘情愿做 give rise to,lead to,cause:引起，惹起＝result in Such conduct might give rise to misunderstandings. The bad conditions have given rise to a lot of crimes. in the case of: 至于，就...而言＝concerning Stealing isno shame in the case of him. in case of:（连）万一，以访 You should ensure your house in case of fire. who引导定语从句 too embarrassed to say:太尴尬而没有说明 be ashamed of get married marry(v.)如果强调动作：He married the girl 如果表示状态：get married,be married 如果表明和某人已经结婚多长时间了：be married to sb The old man has been married to his wife for 50 years. too...to...：太...而不能 simply:副词，用来修饰限定动词told dressed in a smart balck suit---形容词短语表示一种状态 He got to work dressed in a beautiful coat. He left home wearing a smart balck suit. changed into：换上 Before returning home=Before he returned home 在Before引导的时间状语从句中，return的逻辑主语和主句的主语he是保持一致的，所以这个时间状语是有介词Before和动名词搭配而成，相当于Before引导的时间状语从句。 如果运用动名词形式，动名词的逻辑主语必须是主句的主语 After gettting home,he had a good rest. Before having dinner,he finished all his homework. she never will=she will never discover the secret 在省略句式中，never要放在助动词之前 “will you go to see her?" “I will never to to see her"/"no ,I never will." half as much as (he used to) half(a quarter,twice,three times)as .... as...---表示倍数 I won't marry a man who is twice as old as me. We got three times as many people as we expected. This room is about three times as large as that one. ...as（形容词或副词原形）as...：是...几倍 比...多几倍：...times（形容词或副词比较级） This road is four times longer than that one. ＝》This road is five times as long as that one. is well worth the loss of money What he obtained is well worth the loss of time. well 副词用来加强语气，修饰形容词worth 【Special difficulties】 A.英语中的许多动词不能以人作为宾语，只能代某物或某事，如果需要说明是某人就要用介词to He told a story to me.＝》He told me a story . 两类词汇：tell可以和双宾语搭配（指物的直接宾语；指人的间接宾语） explain,say只能代一个（直接）宾语，在间接宾语前要介词to She speaks English to her husband and Swedish to her children. He admitted his guilt to the police. Did you suggest this idea to him? 当直接宾语比较长或者是个从句时，通常放在间接宾语之后，但say除外。 I explained to him the impossibility of granting his request. He comfessed to me that he had fallen asleep during the meeting. B.“Worth"后面只能跟名词或动名词 His suggestion is worth considering. 【Multiple choice questions】 （1)...a... illustrate:阐明，阐述 “...a great many people are often willing to sacrifice higher pay for the privilege of becoming white-collar worker" (2)...c... double life (3)...d... "...he feels that his rise in status is well worth the loss of money" Structure (4)...b... to go 可以省略 They usually go to work wearing a collar and tie. （5)...d... "Alfred was too embarrassed to say anything to his wife about his job." too...to(不定式to表示否定） so...that:“如此，以致于”（在that引导的结果状语从句中，如果采用否定式，可以和too...to 互换） The water is too hot for us to dringk. ＝＝》The water is so hot that we can't drink. （6)...C... "He simply told her that he worker of the Corporation" simply :副词“仅仅是，再没有别的了”＝only，just 无论是simply，only还是just，往往用在主体词之前 I did it simply/only for the money I don't like driving.I do it simply /only because I have to go to work each day. and no more ……放句尾 in a simple way: 简单地，简朴地 　　She was always dressed in a simple way. (7)...b... 如果主、从的主语一致，可用介词和动名词形式搭配 Before returning home... before---连接词，引导时间状语从句 　　Before he returned home... before 引导的从句，常用一般现在时或一般过去时，不用进行时。 （８）...c... "half as much as it used to be" the amount 要用定语从句进行限定 used to: 当主句的谓语动词是行为动词时，之后的动词必须省略掉 used to be: 当主句的谓语动词是系动词时，之后必须带有系动词be. I feel the summers are hotter that they used to be I feel you are much fatter than you used to be. (9)...d... gain: 获利，赢得（表示通过努力）～time,～reputation,～speed,～height fee: （为专业服务支付的）费用　doctor's ～s,the lawyer's ～s pay for my university fees payment: (商业、信贷）支付的款项（正式） wages: (体力劳动者的）工资 salary: (白领的）薪水 (10)...b... companion:同伴 （11)...c... "well worth the loss of money" pay back: 偿还，报复 reward：酬劳 value：价值 Compensate for=make up for:弥补 Vacabulary （12)...a... "call" name: 命名 cry out:喊叫 shout: 喊 欢迎进入考研公共课最全资料ｆｔｐ 里面有最全的英语，考研资料 ftp://hmgod.vicp.net 下载请联系： 　hm_icrosoft@hotmail.com 或 　hm_honest@hotmail.com 　QQ：１３５５２３１５

真的很不错哎！！

I support you!!! Go on!!!

Lesson 5 The facts 确切数字 【New words and expressions】 生词和短语 ★editor n. 编辑 edit:(v.)编辑 edition:(n.)编辑 editorial:(a)编辑的，主编的 　　　　　(n.)社论，评论 ★extreme n. 极端 go to extreme(s) to do: 走极端 He went to extreme to say that the play was the best one. He went to extremes to say that his girlfriend was the most beautiful in the world. go from one extreme to the other ★statistics n. 统计数字 ★journalist n. 新闻记者 reporter:(电视台）记者 correspondent:(电台）记者，通讯员 ★president n. 总统 ★palace n. 王宫；宏伟的住宅 ★publish v. 出版 They have already published the magazine =print(vt.),go to press The book has already been published. The book has gone to press. ★fax n. 传真 send a fax ★impatient adj. 不耐烦的 patient :有耐心的 patiently:有耐心地 impatient:不耐烦的 impatiently:不耐烦地 n.: patience,impatience ★fire v. 解雇 He was fired from his job dismiss(正式） The manage dismissed him from his company. sack(俚语)“解雇，辞退“ If you do it wrong again you will be sacked. ★originally adv. 起初，原先，从前 original (a.) Listen to the tape then answer the question below. 听录音，然后回答以下问题。 What was the consequence of the editor's insistence on facts and statistics? Editors of newspapers and magazines often go to extremes to provide their reader with unimportant facts and statistics. Last year a journalist had been instructed by a well-known magazine to write an article on the president's palace in a new African republic. When the article arrived, the editor read the first sentence and then refuse to publish it. The article began: 'Hundreds of steps lead to the high wall which surrounds the president's palace'. The editor at once sent the journalist a fax instructing him find out the exact number of steps and the height of the wall. The journalist immediately set out to obtain these important facts, but the took a long time to send them Meanwhile, the editor was getting impatient, for the magazine would soon go to press. He sent the journalist two more faxes, but received no reply. He sent yet another fax informing the journalist that if he did not reply soon he would be fired. When the journalist again failed to reply, the editor reluctantly published the article as it had originally been written. A week later, the editor at last received a fax from the journalist. Not only had the poor man been arrested, but he had been sent to prison as well. However, he had at last been allowed to send a fax in which he informed the editor that the he had been arrested while counting the 1,084 steps leading to the fifteen-foot wall which surrounded the president's palace. 参考译文 报刊杂志的编辑常常为了向读者提供成立一些关紧要的事实和统计数字而走向极端。去年，一位记者受一家有名的杂志的委托写一篇关于非洲某个新成立共和国总统府的文章。稿子寄来后，编辑看第一句话就拒绝予以发表。文章的开头是这样的：“几百级台阶通向环绕总统的高墙。”编辑立即给那位记者发去传真，要求他核实一下台阶的确切数字和围墙的高度。 记者立即出发去核实这些重要的事实，但过了好长时间不见他把数字寄来，在此期间，编辑等得不耐烦了，因为杂志马上要付印。他给记者先后发去两份传真，但对方毫无反应。于是他又发了一份传真，通知那位记者说，若再不迅速答复，将被解雇。但记者还是没有回复。编辑无奈，勉强按原样发稿了。一周之后，编辑终于接到记者的传真。那个可怜的记者不仅被捕了，而且还被送进了监狱。不过，他终于获准发回了一份传真。在传真中他告诉编辑，就在他数通向15英尺高的总统府围墙的1，084级台阶时，被抓了起来。 【课文讲解】 The facts:确切数字 go to extremes:走极端 provide=supply:　给...提供（通常与介词搭配连用） provide sb.with sth/provide sth for sb. He provided them with a bed for the night. He provided a bed for them for the night instruct sb.to do sth.=tell sb formally to do sth.正式告诉某人做某事 A well-known magazine instructed a journalist to write an article on the president's palace in new African republic. The teacher instructed him to take the examination. on=about 侧重强调课题专一 a book on radio When the article arrived=When the editor received the article refuse to publish it refuse:（vt.) 拒绝（态度严厉） decline:(vt.) 婉言谢绝 repudiate:(vt.)断然拒绝 which 指代the high wall instruction……现在分词进一步补充说明fax的情况 set out to do = decide and try to do 决定，打算，着手做... He set out to make his first 1,000,000 in 5 years. set about doing take sb.a long time to do sth.:某事花了某人很久的时间 It took me five days to write the article. two more faxed=another two faxed fail to reluctantly=unwilling 勉勉强强地，不情愿地 as it bad originally been written=in its original way Not only位于句首，必须采用倒装形式 The poor man had not only been arrested,but had been sent to prison as well. 否定副词位于句首，要倒装 Never have I read such stones. Nowhere can he find the book he wants. Hardly did I think it possible. 常见的否定副词: never,seldom,rarely,little,hardly,scarcely,nowhere,no sooner 含有only的状语位于句首，句子要倒装 Only then did he realize that he had made a mistake. Only when a great deal more information has been obtained will it be possible to plan a trip. 含有not的副词短语位于句首，句子要倒装 not for a moment,not in the least,not for an instant,not until Not in the least is he interested in English literature. Not for an instant did I believe he had lied. 含有no的短语位于句首，句子要倒装 at on time,in no way ,in no sence,by no means,in no case,on no account,on no condition,under no circumstances“决不” Under no circumstances can we accept the check. On no account must you leave the baby in the house. so such 位于句首，句子要倒装 he had at last been allowed=he had at last been permitted =he had asked for permission 请求允许，被允许：be allowed to do,be permitted to do,asked for permission to do sth. in which --which指代fax while和现在分词（-ing)搭配，做时间状语，表示“正在做某事的过程中” 可用用while引导的时间状语从句去替换 while he was counting 现在分词 the steps leading to the president's palace the road leading to the forest fifteen-foot……做前置定语，这里的名词必须上单数形式 which 指代wall(避免和前面的句式结构相同） 【Special difficulties】 倒装的用法 1.Not only has he made this mistake before but he will make it again. 2.Only then did I realize what was happening 3.Never will I trust him again. 4.Seldom do you find traffic wardens who are kind and helpful. 【Multiple choice questions】 1.C 2.B 3.A 4.B 首选从句、分词、独立主格结构,缺少了时间状语从句的连接词 Having seen the movie,they went for a walk. 6.D 表示“任意” 7.B unless=if not 一般过去时 8.C inform sb.of(about)sth 9.C 10. C print=publish 11. D 12. D 请求允许做某事：ask for permission to do sth. 允许某人做某事：be given permission to do sth. 欢迎进入考研公共课最全资料ｆｔｐ 里面有最全的英语，考研资料 ftp://hmgod.vicp.net 下载请联系： 　hm_icrosoft@hotmail.com 或 　hm_honest@hotmail.com 　QQ：１３５５２３１５

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