标题：【时代新鲜人】６期

New Pictures of an Old Universe 宇宙初生图 1. For thousands of years humans have wondered how and when the universe first began. Now, thanks to some photographs taken by Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP), scientists are much closer to understanding, even seeing, the universe in its beginning years. 数千年来，人们一直想知道宇宙最初是如何形成、又是在何时形成的。现在，由于威金森微波异向性探测器（WMAP）拍摄到的一些照片，科学家大有进展，可以更接近了解、甚至看到刚形成时的宇宙。 2. This is all possible thanks to the WMAP satellite in orbit about one million miles above Earth. The satellite is specially designed to record one kind of cosmic energy: microwave radiation. It can use this radiation to show us what the universe looked like 13.3 billion years ago! 这都要归功于在地球上空约一百万哩处绕轨道运行的WMAP卫星。它特别设计来记录一种宇宙能量：微波辐射。它可以用这种辐射来告诉我们宇宙在133亿年前的模样！ 3. Wait a minute … how can this satellite show us a picture of the universe billions of years ago? The Big Bang created the universe in a huge explosion, and at the same time it created a specific field of radiation—called the cosmic microwave background, or CMB. This CMB still lingers in the universe today. What the satellite actually does is take pictures of the CMB. 等一下……这枚卫星怎么可能给我们看宇宙在数十亿年前的照片？「大霹雳」在一场剧烈的爆炸中创造了宇宙，同时也创造了特定的辐射场（称为宇宙微波背景，简称CMB）。至今CMB仍残留在宇宙中。这枚卫星真正做的是拍CMB的照片。 4. So what did scientists learn from these new pictures? First, they learned that stars formed very soon--merely 200 million years--after the Big Bang. And they were able to confirm estimates of the universe's age: it was born about 13.7 billion years ago. This is the age that scientists long suspected to be true, but now they have the birthday pictures to prove it! 那么，科学家从这些新照片中学到了什么呢？首先，他们得知恒星在「大霹雳」之后很快就形成──相隔只有二亿年而已。他们也可以确认宇宙年龄的估计：宇宙是在大约137亿年前诞生的。长久以来科学家一直猜测可能是这个年龄，但是现在他们有宇宙诞生时的照片可供证明！

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Linus's Linux 李纳斯，Linux Taking On Microsoft. 1. If you have ever used Microsoft Windows, you have 1)probably found that it is not 2)perfect. Windows can 3)crash, it can 4)stall, it's an invitation to 5)viruses, and it's expensive. These are a few of the problems that Linus Torvalds wanted to correct when he began designing his Linux operating system (OS). 如果你曾用过微软的窗口操作系统，可能已经发现它并不完美。窗口会当机、会停下、引来病毒、而且很贵。这是李纳斯托瓦兹开始设计Linux操作系统时想要改善的诸多问题之中的一些。 1) probably (adv.) 很可能 2) perfect (a.) 完美的 3) crash (v.) 计算机当机须重新开机 4) stall (v.) 停滞不动，迟缓 5) virus (n.) 病毒 2. Back in 1991 Linus Torvalds was a 21-year-old student at the University of Helsinki in Finland. He had just bought his first computer, and was 1)frustrated with the problems of the Microsoft OS. So he began designing a new OS that could run all of his favorite programs, faster and more 2)reliably. 早在一九九一年，李纳斯托瓦兹是芬兰赫尔辛基大学的二十一岁大学生，刚买了他第一台计算机，对微软操作系统的问题感到挫折。于是他开始设计新的操作系统，让计算机能更快更可靠地运作所有他最喜欢的程序。 1) frustrate (v.) 令人感到挫折 2) reliably (adv.) 可靠地，可信赖地 3. Rather than 1)copyright and make money on his program, he chose to make it 2)available to everyone, for free, on the Internet. He made Linux the first big success of the "open source" movement. Other programmers downloaded Linux and made their own 3)improvements on it. Only about 2% of the 4)current Linux system was designed by Torvalds himself, the rest being improvements made by other programmers. 他不申请版权、不靠他的程序赚钱，而是选择在网际网络上对大众免费开放程序。他的Linux在「开放程序代码」潮流中成为第一个大举成功的例子。其它的程序设计者下载Linux软件，用自己的方式改良。目前的Linux系统只有百分之二是托瓦兹自己设计的，其余的都是其它程序设计者改良过的。 1) copyright (v.) 申请版权 2) available (a.) 可取得的，有供应的 3) improvement (n.) 改善，改进 4) current (a.) 目前的 4. With 10 years of steady improvement, Linux is now serious 1)competition for the giant Microsoft 2) corporation. Who will Mr. Torvalds challenge next? He's currently 3)employed by a mysterious company called Transmeta, and 4)rumor has it that he's working on designing a 5)chip to 6)compete with Intel, the other giant of the 7)computing world. 经过十年的稳定改善，Linux已经成为软件巨擘微软公司的重要竞争对手。斯托瓦兹先生下一个要挑战的是谁呢？目前他受聘于一家名为全美达的神秘公司，谣传他正着手设计一种芯片，可以和计算机界另外一个巨头「英特尔」匹敌。 1) competition (n.) 竞争 2) corporation (n.)（股份有限）公司 3) employ (v.) 雇用 4) rumor (n.) 谣传 5) chip (n.) 芯片 6) compete (v.) 竞争 7) compute (v.) 用计算机运算 猪，语音上！

哇~~~~~是小猪念的吗?~~~~~~~~好棒!!!!!!!!!!!

猪，断句第一，口音第二。。。。说过你好多遍了

Rising from the Ruins 从废墟中站起来 ◎The winning plan for a new World Trade Center 1) ruins (n.) 废墟 2) trade (n.) 贸易 1. New York City and state officials have 1)announced that the new World Trade Center 2)site will 3)feature a 4)dramatic 5)spire. This tall and narrow pointed structure, designed by 6)Studio Daniel Libeskind of Berlin, Germany, will make the building taller than any other in the world. 纽约市与州政府官员已经宣布，新的世贸中心地点将会以一座巨塔为特色。这座高耸的尖顶由德国柏林的丹尼尔李贝斯肯德工作室设计，将使这座建筑成为世界最高。 1) announce (v.) 宣布 2) site (n.) 建筑工地，地点 3) feature (v.) 以……为特色 4) dramatic (a.) 戏剧性的 5) spire (n.) 尖塔 6) studio (n.) 工作室 2. The spire, 1,776 feet tall, will have its top floors filled with 1)indoor gardens that represent life. 2)In addition to 3)honoring life, the height of the spire is meant to honor U.S. 4)Independence, since 1776 marks the year the U.S. 5)Declaration of Independence was signed. 这座尖塔有一千七百七十六呎高，最上面几层将会辟为室内花园，代表生命。除了对生命致敬，这座尖塔的高度也向美国独立致敬，因为 1776 就是美国独立宣言签署的年度。 1) indoor (a.) 室内的 2) in addition to (phr.) 加上，除……之外 3) honor (v.) 尊重，致敬 4) independence (n.) 独立 5) declaration (n.) 宣言 3. Plans 1)call for the new building to be 2)constructed over the 3)foundation of the original 1,350-foot 4)twin towers. For the hollow foundation, Libeskind says he 5)imagines a museum and a 6)memorial to those who died in the September 11, 2001 attacks. The 7)construction of the new building may take 12 years, at an 8)estimated cost of $330 million. 计画中要把这座建筑设在原本一千三百五十呎高的双塔旧地基上。李贝斯肯德说他想象在中空的地基内设一间博物馆与一间纪念馆来向 2001 年九月十一日攻击事件死难者致敬。新建筑的建造工程可能要花上十二年，成本估计为三亿三千万美元。 1) call for (phr.) 要求，需要 2) construct (v.) 建造 3) foundation (n.) 地基 4) twin (a.) 成对的 5) imagine (v.) 想象 6) memorial (n.) 纪念馆 7) construction (n.) 建筑工作，建造 8) estimate (v.) 估计 4. Although Libeskind's design 1)firm is based in Berlin, the 2)architect has a history in New York. His family, who 3)survived the Holocaust, came to the U.S. in 1959 when he was a teen. Libeskind arrived by boat in New York 4)Harbor and studied 5)architecture in New York. 虽然李贝斯肯德的设计公司位于柏林，但是这位建筑家在纽约有段历史。他的家人逃过纳粹对犹太人的屠杀，于 1959 年他还是十几岁青少年的时候来到美国。李贝斯肯德搭船抵达纽约港，并且在纽约研读建筑学。 1) firm (n.) 公司 2) architect (n.) 建筑师 3) survive (v.) 从……中逃生 4) harbor (n.) 港口 5) architecture (n.) 建筑物 ◎参考单字 Holocaust (n.) 二次大战时纳粹对犹太人的大屠杀 5. Libeskind says, "I never forgot that 1)skyline and what it means to an 2)immigrant, an American. It's not just a 3)symbol. It's not just something up in the air. It's about the values that we all share." 李贝斯肯德说道：「我一直忘不了当时看到的天际线以及它对一位移民、一位美国人所代表的意义。那不只是个象征、不只是个耸立空中虚无漂渺的东西。它代表我们每个人共有的价值观。」 1) skyline (n.) （高层建筑物或山在天空映衬下的）天际线 2) immigrant (n.) （移入的）移民 3) symbol (n.) 象征

ok

Larry and Andy Wachowski 沃卓斯基兄弟 1. With the 1)production of The Matrix, the Wachowski brothers revolutionized sci-fi 2)action movies. This amazing film brought their 3)unique 4)vision of the future to the screen and made the brothers famous all over the world. 以《骇客任务》一片的制作，沃卓斯基兄弟为科幻动作片掀起革命。这部惊人的电影将他们对未来的独特观点带上了银幕，也让这对兄弟扬名世界。 1) production (n.) 制作，制片 2) action movie (n.) 动作片 3) unique (a.) 独一无二的 4) vision (n.) 眼光，见解 2. The Wachowski brothers grew up just like other kids in the U.S. They loved 1)comic books, for example, and didn't 2)particularly like 3)schoolwork. They did go to college, but things didn't look good when Larry and Andy both 4)dropped out and returned home to open a 5)carpentry and 6)painting business. 沃卓斯基兄弟的成长过程，就和其它美国小孩一样，譬如说他们爱看漫画，但并不特别喜欢学校的课业。他们是进了大学，但当拉里和安迪都被退学，回家开创木匠和油漆事业时，情况看起来并不妙。 1) comic book (n.) 漫画书 2) particularly (adv.) 特别地 3) schoolwork (n.) 学业，功课 4) drop out (v.) 辍学 5) carpentry (n.) 木匠业 6) painting (n.) 油漆，粉刷 3. Unlike other kids, however, the Wachowski brothers put their love of comic books to good use. They started writing comic books together. They spent a lot of time discussing story ideas that would 1)combine their interests in Japanese Anime, Buddhist 2)philosophy and science fiction. Then Larry decided that they should write a 3)screenplay. 但不同于其它小孩的是，沃卓斯基兄弟能够善加运用他们对漫画的喜爱。他们开始一起画漫画，花了很多时间讨论故事的构想，希望能够融合他们对日本动画、佛教哲学以及科幻小说的兴趣。然后拉里决定他们应该写个剧本。 1) combine (v.) 结合 2) philosophy (n.) 哲学 3) screenplay (n.) 电影剧本 4. The first screenplay they wrote was not accepted, but they were 1)encouraged to try again. Two of their screenplays were 2)eventually made into movies - 3)Bound and Assassins - which were not very successful. Then they decided to take matters into their own hands. 他们写的第一部剧本没有被接受，不过却获得鼓励可以再接再厉。后来他们有两部剧本终于拍成电影--《惊世狂花》和《刺客战场》——但不怎么成功。后来两人决定亲自上场。 1) encourage (v.) 鼓励 2) eventually (adv.) 到最后 3) bound (a.) 被绑缚的，为 bind (v.) 的过去分词 5. They worked long and hard on a new screenplay, and insisted that they be the 1)directors of the movie too. Finally Warner Brothers accepted their screenplay, but wouldn't provide 2)funding until Keanu Reaves accepted the 3)lead role. When he did, The Matrix started production, and the rest is history. 他们为新剧本，花了很长的时间卖力，而且坚持担任这部电影的导演。最后华纳兄弟公司接受了他们的剧本，但直到基努李维接下主角之后才同意提供资金。基努李维接下了主角，《骇客任务》开拍，接下来的事就人尽皆知了。 1) director (n.) 导演 2) funding (n.) 资金 3) lead role (n.) 主角的角色

Peter Arnett 彼得阿奈特 ◎A veteran war reporter under fire 资深战地记者身陷火网 1. Being a war reporter is a dangerous job. Not only do you have to worry about getting 1)fired on, but you could also get fired! Just ask Peter Arnett. In the past the veteran war reporter has been fired by news giant CNN. More recently, both NBC and National Geographic Television decided to let him go after he gave an 2)unauthorized interview on Iraqi television. 从事战地记者是个很危险的工作。不仅要担心会被枪炮击中，而且还有可能被炒鱿鱼！问问彼得阿奈特就知道了。在过去，这位经验老到的战地记者曾被新闻巨擘有线电视新闻网（CNN）解雇。最近，他未经许可就上伊拉克电视台接受采访之后，美国国家广播公司与国家地理杂志电视台都决定请他走路。 1) fire (v.) 开火，开除。get fired on是「被枪炮击中」，get fired则是「被开除」 2) unauthorized (a.) 未经授权的，未经批准的 2. The New Zealand 1)native knows about 2)risks. Arnett has 3)covered some 17 wars during his 40-year career. He even won a Pulitzer Prize for his reporting during the Vietnam War. After working first as a newspaper reporter, Arnett 4)switched to broadcast 5)journalism in 1981 when CNN started up. 这位纽西兰出生的人很了解风险。阿奈特在他四十年的职业生涯中报导过大约十七场战争。他甚至因为越战期间的报导而得过普立兹奖。最初是当报纸记者，后来阿奈特在一九八一年CNN开播时转换到广播电视新闻业。 1) native (n.) 生长在（某地）的人 2) risk (n.) 危险，风险 3) cover (v.) 采访，报导 4) switch (v.) 转换 5) journalism (n.) 新闻业 3. He was with CNN when the First Gulf War began in 1990 and was the only Western 1)journalist allowed to stay in Iraq. His 2)exclusive 3)coverage of the 4)bombings of Baghdad were broadcast 5)live on CNN and made him famous 6)worldwide. 一九九○年第一次波湾战争爆发时，他正在CNN工作，而且是唯一获准留在伊拉克的西方记者。他对轰炸巴格达的独家报导在CNN上实况播出，使得他闻名世界。 1) journalist (n.) 新闻工作者 2) exclusive (a.) 独家的 3) coverage (n.) 采访，报导 4) bombing (n.) 轰炸 5) live (adv.) 现场地，直播地 6) worldwide (adv.) 在全世界 4. While other war reporters may have 1)retired early, why does Arnett continue to report from dangerous places? In an interview with CNN he explained, “It is part of the 2)democratic tradition, the public's right to know.” 其它的战地记者或许很早就退休了，为什么阿奈特还要继续在危险的地方从事报导？在一场CNN的访问中，他解释道：「这是民主传统的一部分，公众有知的权利。」 1) retire (v.) 退休 2) democratic (a.) 民主的

John Nash 约翰奈许 ◎A Beautiful Mind comes to Hong Kong 美丽境界来到香港 1. When John Nash appeared late February in Hong Kong, all the tickets were 1)sold out. He's not some hot new singer or movie star. John Nash is a 2)mathematician, the subject of the Oscar-winning film A Beautiful Mind, in which Russell Crowe played the 3)troubled 4)mathematical 5)genius. Despite his years of 6)mental illness, Nash won a Nobel Prize in 7)Economics in 1994 for his 8)groundbreaking work on game 9)theory. 约翰奈许于二月下旬出现在香港时，所有的票都销售一空。他不是什么当红的新歌星或电影明星，而是一位数学家，也是奥斯卡得奖影片《美丽境界》的主角，罗素克洛在片中饰演这位有心理疾病的数学天才。尽管罹患精神疾病多年，约翰奈许仍旧在一九九四年以「赛局理论」的突破性研究赢得诺贝尔经济学奖。 1) sell out (phr.) 卖光 2) mathematician (n.) 数学家 3) troubled (a.) 有心理疾病的，有困扰的 4) mathematical (a.) 数学的 5) genius (n.) 天才 6) mental (a.) 精神的，心理的 7) economics (n.) 经济学 8) groundbreaking (a.) 开创性的 9) theory (n.) 学说 2. Game theory is a mathematical method of 1)decision-making. It 2)analyzes a 3)competitive situation to determine the best 4)course of action for a 5)player involved. Such 6)terms as a win-win game and a zero-sum game entered the English language because of game theory. The theory has been 7)applied to 8)numerous 9)areas, including economics, 10)political science, 11)genetics and network engineering. 赛局理论是研究决策的数学方法。它分析竞争状况，以研判参与竞争者的最佳行动。由于赛局理论，双赢赛局与零和赛局这类术语才得以成为英语词汇。这项理论已经应用于许多领域，包括经济学、政治科学、遗传学与网络工程学。 1) decision-making (n.) 决策 2) analyze (v.) 分析 3) competitive (a.) 竞争的 4) course (n.) 路线，做法 5) player (n.) 参与竞赛者 6) term (n.) 专有名词，术语 7) apply (v.) 应用 8) numerous (a.) 许多的，很多的 9) area (n.) 领域 10) political science (n.) 政治学 11) genetics (n.) 遗传学 ◎参考 ．win-win game (n.) 双赢赛局，指双方都可获得的竞争局面 ．zero-sum game (n.) 零和赛局，指一方获利则其它竞争者就要蒙受损失的竞争局面 ．network engineering (n.) 网络工程 3. Nash's success in Hong Kong is quite 1)remarkable. He was 2)scheduled to give a 3)lecture at Hong Kong University. When more than a thousand students and 4)members of the 5)public 6)signed up to hear the Princeton professor speak, a larger place had to be found. In addition to a lecture on game theory, Nash 7)participated in a dialogue with students as well as a 8)seminar on the past and future of this 9)influential field. 奈许在香港获得盛大的成功。他原定在香港大学演讲，后来因为有超过一千名学生和社会人士报名聆听这位普林斯顿教授演讲，因此不得不另觅更大的场地。除了发表赛局理论的演说之外，奈许还参加一场与学生的对话，以及一场研讨会讨论这项深具影响力的理论的过去和未来。 1) remarkable (a.) 了不起的，值得注意的 2) schedule (v.) 安排时间 3) lecture (n.) 演讲 4) member (n.) 成员 5) public (n.) 公众，民众 6) sign up (phr.) 登记 7) participate (v.) 参与 8) seminar (n.) 专题研讨会 9) influential (a.) 有影响的 4. While you may not find the 75-year-old mathematician on many CD or magazine covers, there are 1)plenty of books about Nash. However, if you are in Hong Kong and plan to take a look at some of those books in the library, you might have to wait a long while. Local libraries there reported that before his arrival almost all books about Nash had been 2)checked out. 虽然你不会在许多CD或杂志封面看到这位七十五岁的数学家，但是关于奈许的书籍很多。不过，如果你在香港，并且想在图书馆看看这些书，那你可能得等上很长一段时间。当地的图书馆表示，在奈许造访前，几乎所有关于他的书都已经被人借光了。 1) plenty of (phr.) 大量的 2) check out (phr.)（在图书馆等）借出（书本）

well down, 期待继续进行中