主题：逆向学习笔记

刚试了一下，可以上传单词发音，太好了。

" Step By Step Book1 ".

Book1

Unit 1 introduction

Lesson 1

听写出错的句子：

[news:/s/01:28.9-01:36.0] Is this the boss?

[news:/s/02:50.3-02:53.2] twelve Princess street

/ 'prin(t)-s&s, 'prin-"ses, (usual British) prin-'ses /

[news:/s/03:13.6-03:14.9] Oh, it`s aspirin.

/ 'as-p(&-)r&n / 阿司匹林(退热药)

[news:/s/04:13.0-04:18.7] No, I live in Edinburgh.

/ 'e-d^&n-"b&r-&, -"b&-r&, -b(&-)r& /

[news:/s/06:08.5-06:14.3] monologue 独白, 独脚戏

/'mä-n^&l-"og, -"äg/

[news:/s/07:16.1-07:18.5] I am Robert Shade.

[news:/s/07:21.0-07:22.5] I am a journalist. / -n^&l-ist / [news:/s/08:05.1-08:06.4] Shelia Martin / 'shE-l& / / 'mär-t^&n /

[news:/s/08:07.6-08:09.0] Sydney Australia / 'sid-nE /

“How old is your wife?” is a very personal and impolite question to ask, so the man evades the question.

/ i-'vAd /

evade
v.（动词） e.vad.ed， e.vad.ing， e.vades
v.tr.（及物动词）
To escape or avoid by cleverness or deceit:躲避：通过机智或欺骗逃脱：
evade arrest.逃避追捕
To avoid fulfilling, answering, or performing:规避：避免完成、回答或履行：
evade responsibility.See Synonyms at escape 回避责任
To fail to make payment of (taxes).逃税：逃避支付（税收等）
To avoid giving a direct answer to.回避：避免做直接回答
To baffle or elude:使为难：使迷惑或难以理解：
The accident evades explanation.这场事故的发生使人大惑不解

v.intr.（不及物动词）
To practice evasion.逃脱，溜走
To use cleverness or deceit in avoiding or escaping.逃避，逃脱：用聪明的方法或欺骗避免或逃脱

evade
vt. 逃避, 躲避; 回避; 漏(税)
evade one's duties逃避职责
evade an attack躲避攻击
evade income taxes偷漏所得税

evade
vi.躲避; 逃避; 规避

evade
vt. evaded, evading逃避，躲避 ； 回避，规避

evade an attack躲避攻击
The released criminal always tries to evade the police.释放犯总想不要碰上警察。
You needn't evade the question.你不必回避这个问题。

Unit 2 Going to school

Lesson 3

Training Focus:

Identifying some confusing numbers: 1．cardinal numbers 2． ordinal numbers

Quick and accurate response to numbers is very important in daily communication. Though number identification seems to be easy when seen in print, number identification through listening is a big problem for many students. Therefore, from this lesson on, the students will be given practice with growing complexity in number identification.

Cultural Notes:

Part-time students usually study in the evening.

Classes begin at around 7:00p.m.

Paul is the English equivalent of Paulo. Which is Spanish.

Students of English at language schools in London are usually from many different countries.

So their native languages are different too.

Therefore the English they speak often bears strong local accents.

Background Notes:

This dialogue probably takes place at a night school.

This might be the first evening of class so the students are uncertain about how to get to their class rooms.

Perhaps the teacher and the two students are introducing themselves to a group of new students on the first day of the new class.

These adult students may come from different parts of the world, so we can still hear their local accents when they speak English.

Suggested Techniques:

Direct the students` attention to the numbers mentioned by the speakers in this conversation.

If possible, give the students some more number practice.

Lesson 4

Training Focus:

Differentiating confusing sounds: 1．vowels 2．consonants

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1．vowels ：1．vowels 元音字母：英语字母表中a，e，i，o，u 之一，有时字母 y 也在此列，表示一个元音

2．consonants

adj.

A letter or character representing such a speech sound.辅音字母：代表这样语音的一个字母或文字符号

********************************************************************************************************************************

Native speakers have little difficulty in recognizing phonic patterns as clues to meaning. As for learners of English as a foreign language, however, acquiring this ability, particularly the ability to distinguish between confusing sounds requires constant practice. Realizing this, we lay great emphasis on sound recognition through listening, which is obviously different from sound recognition practice in a normal phonetics course. Our aim is to keep students alert to sound distinctions which affect meaning and to improve their ability to discriminate sounds from context.

Background Notes:

Tony is a new boy in the neighbourhood.

Although he hasn`t been to school yet, he already knows some of the school children who probably live close to him.

Children usually get acquainted with each other easily.

Notice that the school children frequently use some common colloquial expressions such as “hi”, ”yeh” , and “gosh” in the conversation.

****************************************************************************************************

colloquial

adj. 口语的； 通俗语的， 会话上的

literary colloquial标准口语的

**************************************************************************************************************************

“Hi” is an informal American expression often used among friends when they exchange greetings.

“Yeh” or “yeah” means “yes”.

“Gosh” is a word used informally to indicate surprise.

“Where are you heading?” is a colloquial way to say “Where are you going?”

Suggested Techniques:

The informal and unrehearsed features of the children`s language, the car horns and other street noises increase, on the one hand, the authenticity of the conversation, and on the other hand the level of difficulty of the material.

[news:/s/00:47.9-00:53.2] clock clerk cluck

[news:/s/01:26.0-01:28.3] wonder wander winder

unrehearsed features

UNIT 3 Meeting Strangers

Lesson 5

Cultural Notes:

Neighbours may or may not socialize with each other.

The degree of social distance between neighbours varies from one section of a city to another, and from one individual to another.

This conversation is very formal.

The two men have used their family names to introduce themselves.

To mention the weather is a common way to start a casual conversation between strangers.

Background Notes:

People, when meeting strangers, wish to be friendly. They make ”small talk” by asking each other very polite routine questions and making comments as the people do in “Next Door Neighbours” and “On a London Ship”.

Like the two speakers in the previous dialogue, the speakers in this dialogue try to be friendly by making casual comments on weather, job, etc.

Suggested Techniques:

Find out where the two speakers live and where this dialogue takes place.

Listen to the dialogue bit by bit.

Lesson 6

Background Notes:

From what Michael says Penny learns that he is a family acquaintance. So although Penny doesn`t yet know his name, out of politeness, she invites him into her home.

Sometimes people have long introductory exchanges before they actually mention their names as Michael and Penny do in this dialogue.

Suggested Techniques:

This dialogue is divided into two sections.

When the students are listening to the first section, direct their attention to the purpose of the man`s visit and his way of self-introduction.

clock / 'kläk /

clerk / 'kl&rk, British usually 'klärk /

cluck / 'kl&k /

wonder / 'w&n-d&r /

wander / 'wän-d&r /

winder / 'wIn-d&r /

rehearse

v.tr.（及物动词）

排练：在准备公开演出时练习（例如戏剧的一部分） / 在排演中指挥

rehearsed the orchestra. 指挥交响乐团的排练

经训练使熟练掌握：通过反复使完善或造成动作的完美 / 复述或背诵 / 列举或叙述：

rehearsed her complaints in a letter.在她的信中列举了她的抱怨

v.intr.（不及物动词） 公开练习：在公众面前公开以前练习某事物，如讲演

rehearse a play 排演一出戏

rehearse the events of the day 列举当天发生的事情

Native speakers have little difficulty in recognizing phonic patterns as clues to meaning.

很容易（没什么困难）通过识别语音作为理解句子含义的线索

邻里之间可以和睦相处，也可能老死不相往来；一个城市中邻里间的人际距离每个街区都有所不同，甚至每家都不一样。

Thank you!

UNIT 4 Seeing Friends

Lesson 7

rhyme

n.

韵, 韵脚; 同韵的词(如尾音相同的love 和 above, witty 和 pretty)

押韵; 押韵的词; 韵文, 诗

节奏

nursery rhyme 儿歌, 童谣

double [female, feminine] rhyme 二重韵, 阴性韵(如motion和notion, 前后两个间节都押韵)

imperfect rhyme 不完全韵(love, move, phase, race 等)

a rhyme slinger [美]诗人

Gay broad leaves shone and swung in rhyme. 轻盈的宽叶子有节奏地闪烁摇摆。

vi.

作押韵诗, 作韵文

押韵; 与...同属一韵(with, to); (诗、音乐)和谐

a rhyming dictionary 诗韵辞典, 韵府

vt.

用韵文[诗]叙述或歌颂

把(故事、感想等)写成诗; 写押韵诗

使押韵; 用...作韵脚; 使合韵

rhymed verse 押韵诗

Two words rhyme when the last sounds of the words are the same. Words do NOT have to be spelled alike in order to rhyme; they must be pronounced alike. For example: she and key, late and eight

Cultural Notes:

At an informal party, young people often like to sit on a clean carpet if there is one on the floor. This is a very casual style of entertaining.

The child is encouraged to call the adult “Mr. Smith” as a mark of respect. The introduction is very informal.

Background Notes:

When people meet each other for the first time, they usually say “ How do you do? ” or “ I`m very pleased to meet you. “ If people already know each other, they often greet each other by saying “ Hello, how are you? “

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NCE2 Lesson 22 A glass envelope 玻璃信封

dream on 继续做梦, 痴心妄想(做你的梦去吧!别痴心妄想了!)

dream boat : 梦中情人, 梦寐以求的(物, 人)

Do you have dream boat ? 你有梦中情人吗?

teengager : 十几岁的人于从13岁到19岁的人

adolenscent n.青春期(一般指成年以前由13至15的发育期)

a lump of paper : 一团纸

a tube of paper : 一桶(管)纸

one another(三者) = each other(两者) 互相

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Step by Step Book1 Lesson 7

Excuse me, Ed. I'll fix some cheese and crackers for us. I'll be back in a minute.

cracker n.

爆竹; 鞭炮 / [美]脆饼; 饼干 / [俚]谎话 / [pl. ]胡桃夹, [谑]牙齿 / 贫穷的白种人

破门撬锁者 / 说大话的人 / 裂化设备, 裂化室, 裂化炉 / 破碎机, 碎裂器, 碾碎辊

go a cracker 开足马力; 压扁

cracker-barrel adj. [美口]不成熟的, 朴素的

crackers adj. [常作表语][俚]发疯的, 疯狂的

You are driving me crackers. 你要使我发狂。

drive sb. Crackers 使某人发狂

go crackers about sth. 给...迷住; 热衷于

Kim is taking a piano lesson.

The boys started school in September.

I am with the International Institute of Health.

You know the sort of thing. It may sound rather dull.

Cultural Notes:

1. Baseball is the American national sport.

2. “Cheese and crackers “ is a typical snack or appetizer served before dinner.

3. The American word for “flat” is apartment. They are rented on a monthly basis.

Background Notes:

Since we hear no answer given, we can assume that confirmation might have been given by a nod.

Questions about work are often the first to arise in similar situations.

Suggested Techniques:

Some of the expressions are very useful in daily life:

Make yourself at home.

How good you look!

UNIT 5 TALKING ABOUT FAMILIES

Lesson 9

Cultural Notes:

Most families like to have a family portrait taken by professional photographers.

People often put this portrait in a prominent place or take it from a drawer to show their close friends and relatives.

Suggested Techniques:

But they are heavily loaded with information and the students might still find it difficult to get a clear idea about it.

20060508

NCE2 Lesson 23 A new house

《鲁迅全集》中的 “全集” 就用 “complete”

When will it be convenient for you? 什么时候对你来说最方便?

Nigeria

deduction

n.（名词）
The act of deducting; subtraction.扣除；减除
An amount that is or may be deducted:扣除额，减除数被扣除或可以被扣除的量：
tax deductions.减除税额
The drawing of a conclusion by reasoning; the act of deducing.推论：通过推理得出结论；推断
Logic 【逻辑学】
The process of reasoning in which a conclusion follows necessarily from the stated premises; inference by reasoning from the general to the specific.演绎：推理的过程，在此过程中必然可从所述前提得出一个结论；从一般推向特殊的推论
A conclusion reached by this process.用演绎推得的结论

STEP BY STEP BOOK1

Lesson 10

studio

n.（名词）

An artist's workroom.画家工作室

A photographer's establishment.摄影师工作室

An establishment where an art is taught or studied:练习室：教授或学习某种技艺的地方：

a dance studio.舞蹈房

A room or building for movie, television, or radio productions.摄影棚，录制棚：摄制电影、电视或录音广播节目的房间或楼房

A room or building where tapes and records are produced.录音（像）棚：制作录像带及录音带的房间或楼房

stadium

n.（名词）【复数】 sta.di.ums或 sta.di.a

A large, usually open structure for sports events with tiered seating for spectators.体育场：通常设有看台的大型露天体育场

A course on which foot races were held in ancient Greece, usually semicircular and having tiers of seats for spectators.竞走场：古代希腊时候的竞走跑道，通常设有看台并成半圆形

An ancient Greek measure of distance, based on the length of such a course and equal to about 185 meters (607 feet).斯塔德：古希腊采用的基于这种跑道长度的度量单位，约等于185米(607英尺）

Medicine A stage or period in the course of a disease.【医学】 病期：疾病的发展阶段或期间

Biology A stage in the development or life history of an organism.【生物学】 生物体的发展阶段或龄期

chorus

n.合唱, 合唱队, 齐声

Philadelphia is in the state of Pennsylvania.

Cultural Notes:

Nowadays most young people marry later than John`s mother and father did, and the general tendency has been to establish one`s career first.

NCE2 Lesson 24 If could be worse 不幸中之万幸

sympathetic adj. 表示同情的

The manager was sympathetic.

complain of/about to sb.(对某人/向某人抱怨)

wicked adj. 很坏的, 邪恶的

可用 “evil” 替代

He started to complain about this wicked world,but was interruptted by a knock at the door.

there is still some honesty in this world.

He is such an irritable person.

The police are looking for him.

pay particular attention to

give one`s attention to

pay special attention to

give heed to

pay attentions to 对...献殷勤

STS 1

UNIT 6 Finding the way

Lesson 11

Comprehensive training drills are designed to help the students consolidate what they practised in the previous drills in sentence structure.

consolidate con.sol.i.date

v.tr.（及物动词）
合并：consolidated five separate agencies into a single department.将五个分公司合并为一个部门

巩固：She consolidated her power during her first year in office.她在任职的第一年内巩固了自己的权力

使合并：

v.intr.（不及物动词）

巩固或统一, 合并：The two firms consolidated under a new name.两个公司以新的名称合并起来

You go along this street. You take the first on your left. You walk about a hundred yards, and the Granada Cinema is on your left.

Cultural Notes:

Quite often when a person is in an unfamiliar area in his own city or in a stranger city, it is necessary for him to ask directions.

He is likely to approach a person who politely call his attention by saying “excuse me”.

Background Notes:

A big department store usually has some procedure for returning lost children to parents or lost merchandise to owners often there is a “Lost and Found” office where you may take something you have found or look for something you have lost.