主题：逆向学习笔记

这两天恰好看到钟道隆老师写的《英语学习逆向法》，所以决心开始用逆向法学习英语。

虽然《英语学习逆向法》还没有看完，不过打算边学边看，从今天开始。

所选第一本教材〈英语900句〉（注：我的英语水平较低）

20060412

听写（1-90）

出错内容：

3、I`m John Smith.  

4、Are you Bill Jones?

8、How is Helen?

13、Good night, John.

49、There they are.

67、Those men aren`t students, either.

74、Aren`t they students?

77、My name is Jones.

81、Jones

83、His name is John Smith.

84、John and I are old friends.

85、Are you John`s brother?

87、This is Mr.Jones.

89、Mrs. Jones, this is Mr. John Smith.

问题点：

1、John 和Jones 不会区分

2、Helen拼写错误 (Hellen)

3、aren`t 连读区分不出

4、either的发音没有掌握

5、John and I 的连读区分不出

6、old听成了all

本来想上传20060412 听写的语音文件，但是发现不能上传, how to do?

重新整理了一下内容,等可以上传文件了再发语音文件.

20060412

E900 (1-90)

听写结果：

3、I`m John Smith.

（John和Jones区分不出）

4、Are you Bill Jones?

（John和Jones区分不出）

8、How is Helen?

（is 听成was, Helen 拼写成 Hellen）

13、Good night, John.

（John和Jones区分不出）

49、There they are.

（they 听成you）

67、Those men aren`t students, either.

（aren`t 连读区分不出, either的发音没有掌握）

74、Aren`t they students?

（aren`t 连读区分不出）

77、My name is Jones.

（John和Jones区分不出）

83、His name is John Smith.

（John和Jones区分不出）

84、John and I are old friends.

（John and I 的连读区分不出, old听成了all）

85、Are you John`s brother?

（John和Jones区分不出）

87、This is Mr.Jones.

（John和Jones区分不出）

20060412

E900（1-90）

听写结果：

3、I`m John Smith. （John和Jones区分不出）

4、Are you Bill Jones? （John和Jones区分不出）

13、Good night, John. （John和Jones区分不出）

77、My name is Jones. （John和Jones区分不出）

83、His name is John Smith. （John和Jones区分不出）

85、Are you John`s brother? （John和Jones区分不出）

87、This is Mr.Jones. （John和Jones区分不出）

John和Jones的区分可以从两个方面进行：

1. oh 和on ；

2. John后面没有s，Jones后面有s

8、How is Helen? （is 听成was, Helen 拼写成 Hellen）

49、There they are. (they 听成you)

is、was、they、you 单个词可以区分，听的时候要仔细，联系上下问，不能想当然。

67、Those men aren`t students, either. (aren`t 连读区分不出, either的发音没有掌握)

74、Aren`t they students? (aren`t 连读区分不出)

aren`t 要注意词尾有轻的t音

either 有两个发音，要两个都掌握

84、John and I are old friends. (John and I 的连读区分不出, old听成了all)

John and I 连读要加强区分， are old的连读要注意

附 20060412听力文件：

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20060412

E900（1-90）

Words Pronunciation :

is / 'iz, &z /

are / 'är, &r /

was / 'w&z, 'wäz /

aren`t / 'ärnt , 'är-&nt /

you / 'yü, y& also yE /

they / '[th]A /

all / 'ol /

old / 'old /; for sense 9 usually / 'ol / (难怪我会把old听成all)

either / 'E-[th]&r / also / 'I-[th]&r /

John / 'jän /

Jones / 'jOnz /

20060413

E900（91-270）

听写结果：

97、This is January. (January是猜到的)

103、You were here in February, weren`t you? (February是猜到的)

需熟悉掌握月份的发音 January / 'jan-y&-"wer-E / February / 'fe-b(y)&-"wer-E, 'fe-br&- /

110、I don`t have a phonograph, either. (either没听出来)

很明显20060412听出的问题还没有予以重视 / 'E-[th]&r / also / 'I-[th]&r /

111、Does this radio belong to you? (to没听出来，是结合belong猜到的)

注意belong to的连读

116、Does John have a yellow pencil? (yellow干脆没听出来)

注意yellow的发音 / 'ye-(")lo, dialect 'ye-l&r or 'ya- /

130、I get up before six o`clock every day. (o没听出来)

one o'clock/two o'clock etc / &-'kläk, o- / one of the times when the clock shows the exact hour as a number from 1 to 12

clock与数字相连都有加 o` ，语法注意同时听的时候注意连读、

131、The restaurant doesn`t open until seven forty-five. (restaurant听出来了，但拼写错了)

132、Will you be here at ten o`clock tomorrow? (at 没听出来)

145、What do you know about the tenth century? (tenth 没听出来)

注意tenth的发音，结合century进行联想 / 'ten(t)th /

Talking about objects and people (objects 没听出来)

注意objects的发音 / 'äb-jikt, -(")jekt /

157、I`d like to talk with Mr. Johns or Mr. Smith. (Johns 听的有问题)

听到有s的音，就想成是Jones（琼斯）/ 'jonz / ， 不知道还有Johns（约翰斯） / 'jänz /、John(约翰) / 'jän /

162、Two or three of them look familiar. (familiar—familiar)

164、Which one of those man is Mr. Taylor? (Taylor不会拼写)

Taylor / 'tA-l&r / 泰勒

169、Yes, he speaks English perfectly. (perfectly—prefectly)

180、How is her accent in French? (is—was)

注意 how is的连读

199、John is not forty-five yet, is he? (John—Jummy)

John(约翰) / 'jän /

207、Guess how old I am. (guess—yes)

guess / 'ges / yes / 'yes /

208、I`d say you`re about twenty-three. (`d没听出)

注意I would的连读

217、I have juice, cereal, toast and coffee for breakfast. （cereal没听出)

cereal / 'sir-E-&l / n. 谷类食品, 谷类

224、Before I eat dinner, I read the newspaper for a while. (the没听出)

注意read the newspaper的连读

附20060413听写文件:

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20060414

E900（271-390）

听写结果：

272、I live on Washington Street. (Washington拼错)

275. I’m Mr. Smith’s next door neighbor. （`s没有写出，有时需要看句子含义）

276. You live here in the city,don’t you? （注意live here in 的连读）

300. They called us just as we were having dinner. （called us just 的连读）

318. Please bring me those magazines.

(me those的连读， magazine的拼写 / 'ma-g&-"zEn, "ma-g&-' / )

322. Get me a hammer from the kitchen,will you?

（get / 'get, ÷'git / 听成 give / 'giv / ）

330. Please pour this milk into that glass.

（pour / 'por / 听成 pull / 'pul also 'p&l / )

（milk into 的连读，glass的发音 / 'glas, 'gl[a']s / )

333. It’s two blocks straight ahead. (straight—street)

（straight / 'strAt / street / 'strEt / ）

350. My grandfather got married in 1921. (没听到in，听完后应该检查句型是否正确)

351. When is grandparents’ wedding anniversary? （when is连读）

354. who did George marry? （George拼错 / 'jorj / ）

357. My son wants to get married in June. （married in连读 , 把in 听成 and ）

359. Their grandchildren are grown up now.

(Their / [th]&r, '[th]er, '[th]ar / 听成 The / [th]&,/ )

372. A young married couple moved in next door to us. (moved in 连读，注意语法in)

381. I’ll probably have eggs and toast for breakfast. (I`ll / 'I(&)l/ 听成 how / 'hau /)

383. I’ll leave the house at 8:00 and get to the office at 8:30. (8:30中的8没听到，是靠句子猜的)

387. Do you think you’ll go to the movies tomorrow night?

390. Do you think you’ll be able to go to sleep right away?

(you`ll / 'yü(&)l, 'yul, y&l / 听成 you / 'yü, y& also yE /

附20060414听写文件:

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20060415

E900（391-390）

听写结果：

398. It’s been cloudy all morning. (cloudy听成 cold day)

404. It’s about seventy degrees Fahrenheit this afternoon. ( Fahrenheit / 'far-&n-"hIt, 'fer- / )

434. At bedtime, I take off my clothes and put on my pajamas. (bedtime 听成 that time)

464. If there’s a chance you’ll go ,I’d like to go with you. (there’s a听成 your)

474. I assume you’ve decided against buying a new car.

（assume / &-'süm / against / &-'gen(t)st, -'gin(t)st, -'gAn(t)st /）

490. My brother took a trip to Mexico. （Mexico / 'mek-si-"kO /）

501. I’d like to try on this sweater. （sweater / 'swe-t&r / 注意连读）

503. What’s the price of that electric iron?

（electric iron的连读 / i-'lek-trik, E- / iron / 'I(-&)rn / ）

505. Is this toothpaste on sale today? (toothpaste / -"peist / )

517. I’ll have mashed potatoes and green beans.

523. You have your choice of three flavors of ice cream.

524. We have vanilla,chocolate,and strawberry. (vanilla / v&-'ni-l&, -'ne- /)

附20060415听写文件:

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20060416

CNN59 ：mms://wmscnn.stream.aol.com/cnn/politics/2006/03/30/cooper.reps.hayworth.kolbe.immigration.cnn.ws.wmv

Rep.J.D. Hayworth: The first question we should (showed) ask (us) is how do we protect (a protected) America and what do we do to make sure that American citizens (certain thinks) are secured in their future when it comes to the (their) illegals (leagues) as we take a look at their () situation. I prescribe a (probable scrabble) policy of enforcement (enforcing man) first and I believe if () we actually enforce (enforced) the laws (large) both on the border and in our interior (interial) and we close loopholes (enclose loops) and we also took away benefits (benefit) that illegals (leagues) are enjoying from (for)the largess (large) of taxpayers （supplier tired piles).（）if we turned (took) off the magnet (mad) of jobs of that are given (devoting) to illegals (the leagues) and benefits (benefit). people would self deport (safe the poor) they would relocate (VOK) back home (come) if the incentives (they in seizable) that (their) keep (kept) them here are gone.

注：

* question与ask对应 , 且ask有个K音

* protect America (谓语+宾语）

* American citizens are secured (定语+主语+谓语 /被动语态） 注意 citizens的发音

* legal有个l的音（league没有），所以用the il(legals) ,不是their

* prescribe

v.tr.（及物动词） 指定，规定：作为规则或指示确定下来；责令 / 规定：嘱咐（某药或其它疗法）的用法

v.intr.（不及物动词） 建立规定，法律或指示 / 开处方，给医嘱

Law 【法律】 因法定期限完结取得权利 / 因法定期限完结而丧失权利或不可执行

* a policy of enforcement 强制政策 enforcement：n.执行, 强制

* if...enforce(原形） enforce the laws 执行法律

enforce：

v.tr.（及物动词） 强制服从或遵守 / 强求，强制：强加（比如说一种行为）； / 加强；增强：强迫, 执行, 坚持, 加强

* border 与 interior 对应， 注意interior的发音及拼写 interior：adj.内部的, 内的；n.内部

* loophole

n. 漏洞：逃避困难的一个办法，尤指在合同或法律词句中的疏漏或含糊不清，提供了一种逃避遵守的方法

枪眼：墙上的小洞或小缝，尤指通过其可以进行小武器射击的

close loopholes ：close 漏洞

* the largess of taxpayers

largess:

n.慷慨的赠与：尤其是指以一种傲慢的或恩赐般态度的 / 赏赐物：赏赐的钱或礼物 精神或态度的宽大

* turn off v.关掉, 避开, 使转变方向, 生产, 制造, 用车床加工出, 使厌烦, 变成

* 注意magnet的发音

* deport

vt. 行动, 举动 / 卖空投机 / 运输, 送走 / 把...驱逐出境, 流放, 充军

self deport : people would leave voluntarily.

* relocate v. 移：移到或被移到一个新的置,重新部署

* incentive

n.（名词）刺激; 诱因; 动机：引起行动或激发努力的某事，比如对惩罚的恐惧或对奖励的期望

adj.（形容词）刺激的; 诱发的：用来诱使或激励的

Anderson Cooper: Say so if (for) the 11 million(they liberaling) people who are already (ready) here you think by making this changes (dischanges) it (we) will(were) give (given)them (their) incentives (centers) to (of) leave (live).()

JD: yeah and I also think the documentation program what (mould) we saw after september 11^th (eleven) with a (for the) special registration program involving (vowing) those who are here (we hear we) illegally (linger) from the middle east (list) we saw (thought) thousands leave (we) voluntary. Thousands are () primary Pakistanis (pack stonys)Leaving (living) once the law (wants to lot) start (studied) to be enforced once (wants) in term of (to enter) our (us) interior (interial) on a (the) national security basis. we started (study) checking and (in) trying to find out exactly who people are, so when you do enforce (doing force) the law (line) it actually (exactly) carries with it the (they are) happy consequence (can`t confused) of people leaving (a living.)

注：

* voluntary

adj.自愿的 / 志愿的，义务的 / 自主的 / 自决的 / 自愿捐助的

Law 【法律】 自愿的 / 故意做的；蓄意的

n.（名词）【复数】 vol.un.tar.ies Music 【音乐】 即兴曲 / 即兴演奏 / 志愿者

* in term of

用…衡量或表示；用…的措辞：

distances expressed in terms of kilometers as well as miles; cheap entertainment, but costly in terms of time wasted.

用公里和英里来表示距离；低廉的娱乐，但就浪费的时间来说却极昂贵

根据：按照；就…而言

AC: Congressman Kolbe (Anderson cooper) why should there () be an effort (now for the) at accommodation (aid converdation) for illegal immigrants (the immigrator) as () some would want (wanna) it and () why should they be, some would argue,(of are you), rewarded (reward it) for having ignored the laws? (a new in the lost)

Rep. Jim Kolbe: Well it`s not a matter (we`ll salimate) of (for) accommodation (commodation); it`s (its) not a matter of () rewarding them.JD my colleague (colleagues) and () friend,though () we disagree (distress) on this issue (the situation), JD has it () right when (one) he says () (of) the first issue(situation) ought to (all the ) be (being) our (I) border security (the securine) and () how do we secure our borders. but it`s obvious that (thus we) enforcement (influence) () (for its) only (lonely) isn`t going to (kind of) work.

20060416

CNN59 ：

Rep. J.D. Hayworth: The first question we should ask is how do we protect America and what do we do to make sure that American citizens are secured in their future when it come to the illegals as we take a
look at their situation. I prescribe a policy of enforcement first and I believe if we actually enforce the laws both on the border and in our interior and we close loopholes and we also took away benefits that illegals are enjoying from the largess of taxpayers. If we turned off the magnet of jobs of…that are given to / illegals and benefits, people would self deport. They would relocate back home if the incentives that keep them here are gone.

Anderson Cooper: Say so if the 11 million people who are already here you think by making these changes it will give them incentives to leave?

JD: Yeah, and I also think the documentation program…what we saw after September 11th with a special registration program involving those who are here illegally from the middle east we saw thousands leave voluntarily. Thousands are primarily Pakistanis leaving once the law started to be enforced once in term of our interior on a national security basis, we started / checking and trying to find out exactly who people are. So when you do enforce the law it actually carries with it the// happy consequence/ of people / leaving.

AC: Congressman Kolbe why should there be an effort at accommodation for / illegal immigrants as some would want it and why should they be, some would argue, rewarded for having ignored the laws?

Rep. Jim Kolbe: Well it's not a matter of accommodation; it's not a matter of rewarding them. JD my colleague and friend, though we disagree on this issue, JD has it right when he says the first issue ought to be our border security and how do we secure our borders, but it's obvious/ that enforcement only isn't going to work......

20060416

大发明家──爱迪生

There are many people who say Thomas (Tomas) Edison single-handedly (single handled) invented the twentieth (twenty) century.Although there are those who may (made) disagree ,() one thing can not be denied : (,) Edison was genius , () and his inventions greatly affected the development of modern society.

Notes:

* single-handedly adv.独力地, 单独地

* the twentieth century 20世纪

Born in 1847 in Ohio,Thomas (Tomas) Edison attended school for only three months.After his teacher claimed that he could not learn,Edison`s mother decided to teach him at home.There he was allowed to explore the subjects that () most interested him.By age ten Edison had built a science laboratory in the basement of his family`s home and had become an avid (availed) experimenter (experiment).

Notes:

* avid adj.渴求的：有着热切的渴望或无限的要求的；贪婪的：avid for adventure.渴求冒险

殷切的：以强烈的兴趣和热情为特征的：an avid sports fan.殷切的体育爱好者

Edison got his first job at age twelve (twenty) on the railway selling candy and (kind of) newspapers.Three years later he suffered an () ear injury (dangering) from a () train accident and lost much of his () hearing.He could have had () an operation , （）but he refused. He insisted that being deaf helped (had turned) him () concentrate (constant try) on his experiments (experience).

Thomas (Tomas) Edison`s (said since) first invention was the automatic telegraph repeater () .（）He (he) was already an expert on the telegraph before he came up with (out put) a gadget (the get) that (to) send telegraph signals between unmanned (Unmen) stations. Thanks to Edison,people were then able to send several (self) telegraph messages simultaneously (similar).

Notes:

* the automatic telegraph repeater 自动电报转发器

* gadget n.[口](设计精巧的)小机件[装置] / 新发明, 小玩意儿 / [喻]诡计

* unmanned adj. 无人驾驶[操纵]的, 不载人的; 遥控的 / 无人居住的, 荒芜的 / 失去男子气概的 / 被阉割过的

* simultaneously 美英和英英发音不同

Next came the (be) electric vote () recorder. （） It (it) made (need) voting (learning) quicker (quick) and more accurate ,（） yet no one (way) wanted (want) to buy it.Edison then moved on (down) to tackle () (of) the stock () market ticker (), the mechine that (then) gave information about () (the) stock () market prices. Edison improved it , and sold (so) the rights (price) for US$40,000 ($4000).

Notes:

* Next came 指接下来的一个发明

* stock market ticker 股票行情自动收录器：电子接收和展示股票行情等类似信息的装置

ticker

n. 滴答作响的东西 / 蜂音器, 振动子; 振动[荡]器 / (钟表的)摆 / [美俚]挂表, 座钟 / [美俚]心脏 / (电报的)自动收报机; 股票行市自动收录机; (起止信号操纵的)纸带打印机 / 【无】断续装置; 载波传声器

adj.抛彩带的, 热烈的(get a ticker-tape reception [welcome, parade]受到抛彩带的盛大欢迎)

* rights : A privilege of subscribing for a particular stock or bond. 认股权：认购特定的股票或债券的特权

In his late twenties ,（）Edison built an “ （）invention factory ” （）（）(.) where (Where) he and his business partners could (can) dedicate (delicated) all their (the) time to inventing (invention). After improving upon the telephone , Edison created the phonograph, his favorite and (an) most lucrative (local) invention.Although Edioson did not actualy invent the light bulb (ball) ,（）he did creat an electric lighting system which led (let) to its widespread use.

Notes:

* lucrative adj.有利的, 赚钱的, 合算的, 待遇好的 / 【军】值得作为目标的

A tireless achiever , Edison established the first central (center) electric power station (powerstation) in 1882 ,（）() (and) enabling New York (new york) to be the first city in the world to have () (the) electric lights (electricity) . (,) This (this) was the beginning of the mordern world in which electricity became a way of life.

Notes:

* light bulb 灯泡 electric light 电灯

The following year ,（） one of Edison`s engineers discovered electrons (electrics) , which eventually (adventurnly) led (like) to electronic ,（）the branch of science dealing with electricity.This discovery was patented () as the “ Edison effect” (Edison`s effect) .（）Without (without) electronics ,（）we might not have radio,TV,computers or space travel. The rest of Edison`s life was spent () (in) making and improving inventions including the motion picture camera,the alkaline battery (echo on daily) ,（）the copy (became) machine , （）and the () microphone.

Notes:

* electric

adj.电的, 导电的, 电动的, 电气

也作 e.lec.tri.cal [-tr¹-k…l] 缩写 elec. 电流：电的，与电有关的或由电驱动工作的：electric current电流； an electrical appliance 一个电器

令人兴奋的：让人情绪激动的；刺激的：gave an electric reading of the play 朗读这个剧本，效果象电刺激一样

非常紧张的：情绪紧张的；充满情绪的：an atmosphere electric with suspicion 充满悬念的气氛

n.电动机器或车辆：The lawn mower is an electric.割草机是电动的机器

* electricity n.电流, 电, 电学 electricity bills 电费单; electricity costs 电费

* electron n.电子：轻子族里一种稳定的亚原子粒子，其静止质量为9.1066×10-8克，负电荷大约1.602×10 -9库仑

* electronics n（与单数动词连用）电子学：研究电子现象的科学和技术 / （与复数动词连用）电子装置和组件

The electronics aboard the new aircraft are very sophisticated.安装在新飞行器上的电子器件非常复杂

* patent

n.专利权, 执照, 专利品

adj.特许的, 专利的, 显著的, 明白的, 新奇的

a patent right 专利权 / patent law 专利法 / a patent device 专利发明 / letters patent 专利证 / patent rolls [英]专利特许登记簿 /

This is a fact patent to the world.这是全世界都明白的事实。

vt.取得...的专利权, 请准专利 The government patented the device to its inventor. 政府给予发明者专利权。

* the motion picture camera

* alkaline adj.碱(性)的, 含[强]碱的 alkaline earth 碱土 / alkaline reaction 碱性反应

Thomas (Tomas) Edison died at the age of eighty-four (84) in 1931.Three days later,much of America (American) dimmed () its lights () in honor (houor) of the inventor ---（） () (a) man who had more impact on the development of present-day (present day) civilization than anyone else in history.

* the motion picture camera 摄像机

20060415

E900（526-630）

听写结果：

549. Are you looking for a permanent position? （permanent spelling）

568. If I want to be healthy,I have to stop smoking cigarettes. (cigarettes spelling）

569. The physician said smoking is harmful to my health. (physician spelling）

607. After a while,we found a shady place under some poplar trees. (poplar spelling）

609. It was after dark when we got back,and we were all tired. (after dark when连读) after dark: 黄昏后, 天黑后

613. I can’t recall the exact circumstances. (circumstance的发音) circumstance / 's&r-k^&m-"stan(t)s, -st&n(t)s /

621. This is an interesting floor plan.Please show me the basement. (floor的发音) floor plan n.建筑的平面图 / 'flor /

627. If you want a towel,look in the linen closet. (towel / 'tau(-&)l / 的发音)

629. We have drapes for the living room,but we need kitchen curtains. curtain / 'k&r-t^&n /

drape / 'drAp / [plural] American English:long heavy curtains

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VOA Special 听力文件：

Students Face New Worry: Wrongly Scored College-Entry Tests

About five hundred thousand students took the SAT college-()admissions(`s) test last October(). The College(college) Board(board),()which owns the test,()says about five thousand of them received wrong scores.

Notes:

* college-admissions test

* 注意 october的发音

* The College Board " 大学委员会 "

The problem became known after two students questioned their scores.They asked to have their tests scored again,this time by hand instead of by computer.Further investigation led to more and more worngly scored tests.Most of the scores were too low.(,) College (college) board spokesman(spokesmen) Brain O`Reilly (XXX) says only four students gained three hundred points or more. He says most gained ninety (90) points or less.

Notes:

* spokesman n.发言人; 代言人

* 对比

points n.分数

score: n. 分数,成绩；v. 打分,评分

My teacher gave me 5 extra points on my math test.数学考试老师给我5分(额外)加分。( 这里不能说 5 extra scores)

Teacher: The scores of the last exam will be posted on the Internet. (老师：上次考试的成绩将会公布在网上)

* Brain O`Reilly

* Most of the scores were too low. 是指但凡被打错分的，多半是分给少了，而不是给高了。

A perfect SAT score is two thousand four hundred points.

Notes:

* a perfect score 满分 （用得很广）

full mark

* SAT " 学术水平测验考试 " （ Scholistic Assessment Test, SAT ）

The College(college) Board(board) is not telling students or colleges about scores that were too high. Mister O`Reilly(Next Araly) says students should not be punished for something out of their(that) control.

Notes:

* Mister O`Reilly

* out of sb's control: 不由某人控制的；不在某人撑控范围内的

I'd like to give you a pay raise, but it's out of my control.我想给你加薪，但这事我说了不算。

* scores that were too high ：电脑评分都给高了

He says the scores were no more than fifty points too high. He tell us correcting them would not have affected college acceptance decisions.

Notes:

* no more than fifty points too high: 如果成绩过高，则最高不超过实际成绩50分。也就是说如果电脑将你的分打错，但你最高也就多得了50分。

The tests went to a processing center in Texas(texts).(,) Pearson () Educational Measurement(management) has scored the SAT for the College(college) Board(board) since March(much) of last year.The company took the place of E.T.S.(ETS) , () the(they) Educational(educational) Testing(testing) Service(service) .()

Notes:

* Texas

* Pearson Educational Measurement "皮尔逊教育测量”

* take the place of 取代

* E.T.S = the Educational Testing Service " 教育考试服务社 "

The(the) College(college) Board(board) says humidity(humility) in the air(area) caused(cost) the paper to(too) expand(expend) and change the position of the answers.It says(is this) the problem affected test with light or incomplete(in complete) answer marks(much). Mister(Mr.) O`Reilly(XXX) says Pearson(person) has already corrected the problem.He says the company has improved its computer systems and will now scan(not stand) all answers two times.The College(college) Board(board) has asked schools to reconsider any students they ()(were) rejected before their SAT scores were increased. (,) Higher(high) education(educational) officials(official) say acceptance decisions are based only partly on test scores.(,) But(but) high scores can mean more financial aid(finatish).

Notes:

* The College Board has asked schools to reconsider any students they rejected before their SAT scores were increased. 对于再次评分后分数变高的这部分先前由于分数低而拒收的学生重新考虑

Now,() lawyers are reportedly looking to represent people who want to take the College(college) Board(board) to court.

Notes:

* take sb to court 起诉某人

Students are not the only ones(one) who have been(so will be) affetced by testing mistakes recently. E.T.S.(ETS) has just agreed to pay eleven(11) million dollars to settle cases involving a test for teachers.

因为是ets的官司，不是pem的。ETS显然在某个教师考试中出了错，被人家告了。与文中所说学生SAT成绩打错了无关。

Thousands(Thousand) who(should) took the Praxis(talk with process) in two thousand three and two thousand four received scores that were too low.More than four thousand of them were told they had failed when they had passed.

Notes:

* in two thousand three and two thousand four？ in year 2003 and 3004

* More than four thousand of them were told they had failed when they had passed.超过4000人被告知他们没考过，而事实上他们告过了。

20060418

E900（631-765）

听写结果：

642. I can’t fasten this collar button.

collar / 'kä-l&r / color / 'k&-l&r /

645. I didn’t notice you were wearing your new hat. notice you were的连读

648. I won’t argue with you,but I think you’re being unfair. ’re being 发音

651. I don’t see any point in discussing the question any further. 注意介词in

652. What alternatives do I have? alternative / ol-'t&r-n&-tiv, al- /

665. My son wants to be a policeman when he grows up.

policeman / p&-'lEs-m&n / please / 'plEz /

729. Would you be so kind as to open this window for me? It’s stuck..

adj. 卡住的；不能动弹的

The knife was stuck on the chopping block but she pulled it out with a jerk.
"刀被卡在砧板上了,但她猛的一下就把它拔了出来。"

adj. 进退维谷的 ,不得不做的

We were stuck with unexpected visitors.我们被迫接待不速之客。

732. I certainly didn’t intend to cause you so much inconvenience. cause you连读

733. He’ll always be indebted to you for what you’ve done.

indebted / in-'de-t&d /

adj. 负债的; 法律上有义务偿还的 / 感激的 / 蒙恩的

be indebted to a person for a large sum 欠某人一大笔钱

I am greatly indebted to you for your help. 我非常感激你的帮助。

I'm indebted to all the staff who have been working so hard.

我十分感激一直如此努力工作的全体员工。

be indebted to 负债的, 感激的

743. I never would have thought of it if you hadn’t mentioned it. thought / 'thot /

744. I’ll see you off at the airport. see you off 连读

754. I was born in Spain,but I’m a citizen of France.

Spain / 'spAn / citizen / 'si-t&-z&n also -s&n / France / 'fran(t)s, fräⁿs /

765. My home is in the capital.It’s a cosmopolitan city.

cosmopolitan / "käz-m&-'pä-l&-t^&n /

adj. 全世界的；世界主义的 / 见闻广大的 / 世界各地都有的；分布于世界各地的

n.见多识广之人；游历四方的人 / 四海为家的人

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今天比较郁闷,不知道为什么?

E900学完了.

下面先转贴钟道隆老师的<英语逆向学习法>中的一段, 再熟悉学习一下.在这里先谢谢钟老师了.

**********************************************************************************************************

第三章 英语学习逆向法

3.3a逆向法的具体做法

　　逆向法是一种“以迂为直”的学习方法。也许刚开始逆向学习 财，由于困难比较多，短期的实时收效可能不如“正向学习”来得 “立竿见影”，但它可以收到“正向学习”所达不到的效果。 逆向学习的具体做法——“听、写、说、背、想”
英语水平不高的初学者听英语录音，没有文字材料做依托，困 难很多，需要经过“听、写、说、背、想”五个步骤，逐词逐条才能真 正听懂，具体做法如下：

1．“听”与“写”

　　先把某一条录音内容从头到尾听几遍，听不懂也要硬着头皮 听。先听懂其大意，分出段落和句子，然后再以一句话为单位反复 地听。搞清楚一个句子由几个词组成，每个词在句子中起什么作 用，主、谓、宾语都是哪些词等。每听一遍就把听懂的词一个一个 按照顺序写在纸上，排列成句子，听不懂的词就先空着。对于英语 听力比较低的人来说，刚起步时听不懂的地方实在大多了，有时恐 怕连自己也说不清到底有多少处听不懂。在这种情况下，只有把听 懂了的词写出来，才能搞清楚到底有多少处听不懂。

　　对于碰到的生词，一定要听到能模仿录音正确地念出来，准确 地抓住各个音节的发音为止。因为只有准确地把各个音节的发音 抓住了，读出来了，才有可能根据语法和语音知识试拼出一些词， 到词典里查找。由于正确答案往往需要反复多次才能找到，所以听 写时要“写一行，空两行”，留下充分的反复修改的余地。为了纠正 不正确的拼写，“写”的时候稍有疑问就要查词典，并用色笔标出生
词和错误的拼写。

　　对于听写不出来的词，不要就“词”论“词”，一听写不出就立即 把录音机停下来，不再往下听写。应该继续听写下去，把听写不出 的词放到文章的整体内容上去理解。常常有这样的情况，孤立地去 抠一个词，百思不得其解，但若与整句话，整条消息联系起来去理 解，思路就宽了，往往也就知道是什么词类和怎么拼写了。

　　有时同一个生词在录音中多处出现，一处听不清或听不懂，可 以先放一放，看看能不能从别处得到启发。因为可能别处的录音很 清楚，或者与别的词搭配在一起被你听懂了。听写过程中，对于没 有确切把握的词，也要先“写”出来，再在以后的不断听写过程中去 校验和纠正。同一新闻在不同的时间由不同的播音员播出时，由于 各人的语调有区别，有助于听懂一些疑难词的发音。

　　“听”与“写”两个步骤不是截然分开的，对于英语水平不高的 初学者来说，一段录音的听写不是一次就能完成的，而是要经过多 次的“听”与“写”互相促进，互相启发，交替前进才能最后完成。

　　从学习英语的角度出发，初学者在起步阶段必须一边听一边 写。，如果光听不写，可能会有以下两种情况。一是漏掉了一些听不 但的词，失去了学习和提高的机会；二是有了听不懂的词时，如果 只听不写，往往听的遍数再多也可能还是听不懂，但是如果把听懂 的部分写在纸上，前后内容联系在一起，经过思考以后再去听，可 能又会听懂一些别的内容，如此不断反复，直到全部听懂。

　　由于严重杂音干扰而无法从语音人手推断的词，可以根据语 法进行补充，就假定自己是这条新闻的作者，在听不清的地方应该 用什麽词。或许填上去的词不正确，但总比空着好，而且随着听录 行时间的增长和英语水平的提高，自己也有可能发现并改正。

2．“说”与“背”

　　整扁文章听写出来以后，就要学“说”。方法是：听一句播讲人 的话，自己学说一句。学“说”时尽量使用能不断重复一段录音内 容的电子录音机，根据自己的水平确定学“说”的时间长度，尽量 “说”完整的一句。

　　学“说”过程可以分两步走：第一步是“比读”，即把自己学“说” 的语音录下来，与录音带上标准的语音对比，看看什么地方学得不 像，如此不断重复，直到能模仿说出大体上正确的语音为止；第二 念与录音带上的声音同步“说”。

　　学会“说”以后，就要“背”了。把一段录音的听写记录翻来覆去 地高声朗读，达到基本会背诵的程度。“背”对于提高听力有很大的 作用：例如慢速英语新闻广播有一定的格式和句型，：‘背”上一段时 间的消息以后，就会熟悉它的风格和常用的句型，就比较容易听懂 新的内容、有时甚至可以超过播讲人的声音，听了一句话中前面的 几个词后能提前说出后面的一些词，或听了上一句话后能提前说 出下一句来。到了这个地步，听写时的紧张心情就减轻了，或者基 本上消除了。心情一放松，水平就能发挥出来，应该听懂的也就能 听懂了。

3．“想”

　　 如果前面“听、写、说、背”四个学习环节突出了“苦干”精神的 话，那么“想”这个环节就主要是讲怎样在“苦干”的基础上“巧干” 了，就是要求在整个学习过程中做一个“有心人”，善于开动脑筋。 “想”的内容有以下三个方面：

　　首先是想一想学习的进度是否合适，学到的知识是否扎实，本 书提出的学习要求达到了没有。前面已经提到，由于学习进度是自 己掌握的，不知不党的会加快学习进度。由于没有客观考核，即使 学得不深不透也还自以为学得不错。所以在整个学习过程中，尤其 是在打基础阶段、要经常告诫自己“慢些，慢些，再惧些”，时时检查 学到的知识是否扎实。如果不扎实则坚决重新学。

　　其次是总结和归纳学习方法方面的经验和教训。和学任何别 的知识一样，只有经常总结和归纳的人才能学得快学得好。每个人 所处的环境不同，学习过程中不同阶段碰到的困难不同，因此取得 的经验和教训也不同，应该及时地进行归纳和总结。自己总结和归 纳出来的经验和教训，适合自己的情况，用来指导自己学习，效果 特别好，可以收到事半功倍的效果。进一步说，自己总结和归纳出 来的经验和教训可能对别的人也有参考价值。孤立地去看，每一个 具体的经验和教训都是很小的，不系统的，没有多大价值。但是积 累多了，量变引起质变，可能会成为系统的、有价值的、有一定新意 的一种方法。

　　最后是总结和归纳学到的英语知识，使之系统化，记忆深刻 化。例如每学到一个单词或一些文法知识，要好好地想一想，过上 一段时间还要很好地归纳整理一下。归纳和总结的一项主要内容 是分析自己在听写过程中所出现的各种各样差错。实践证明，通过 分析自己的差错进行学习，效果特别好。例如有的内容听写不出 来，有的听写错了，有的听懂了但写得不对等，就要分析原因和找 到避免的方法。就拿单词来说吧，如果听写中自己不会的单词，多 次试拼出来的词在词典里都没有，或虽然词典里有，但不是所要的 答案，最后通过别的途径找到了真正的答案，就要很好地总结一下 为什么自己多次试拼出来的词都不对，是不是没有准确地抓住播 讲人的发音，还是自己的语音知识不高，或是碰到什麽特殊的发 音。每学到一个新的单词，都应该在拼写、发音和释义等三个方 面与自己已经掌握的单词进行对比，找出异同点，以形成“联系记 忆。发音和拼写上有特点的词要倍加注意，看看能否找到记忆的 窍门。对于语法也是一样，如果理解不了或理解错了，就要找语法 书来看，搞清楚正确的理解应该是什麽，自己为什麽理解不了，或 者自己的理解错在哪里等等。

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VOA Special English Explorations --- Population Growth

听写文件：http://bbs.wwenglish.org/dispbbs.asp?boardID=15&ID=193431&page=1

More than six and one-half thousand million people are living in the world today. By the year twenty fifty that () number is excepted to reach nine thousand million.Population experts say most of this growth will be in developing nations in Latin America,South (south) Asia and Africa.Africa`s population,for example, is excepted to double to almost two thousand million and south Asia will have an additional one thousand million people within the next fifty years.

VOA English --- Oil Prices Sharply Higher

听写文件：http://bbs.wwenglish.org/dispbbs.asp?boardID=15&ID=193424&page=1

The average price for unleaded (XXX) regular gas his sixty seven cents per liter (XXX) on Monday And (and) the ( ) U.S. E(e)nergy D(d)epartment predicts (put it) prices will go (XXX) higher this summer,() up to (after) twenty five precent higher than (the) last year`s (years) record -- setting (XXX XXX) prices ( ) (made) in U.S. a(A)fter Hurricane Katrina (XXX XXX XXX) reduced (reduce) refining capacity (we finding XXX).

Tom Kloza is with the Oil (XXX all) price (prices) Information Service (too). "We`ll probably peak (repeat) on gasline very close (closed) to $3.00 (75 cents a liter) (three hours) national (nationally) with some states above that.

It`s already close (closed) to that level in some states.Gary McIlroy of Austin, Texas says (XXX XXX XXX XXX) he used to spend fifty to sixty five dollars a week (we can) on gas. (,) B(b)ut now he is (to his) paying one hundred twenty five dollars a week (we can`t),and (get) more, he says it`s going to have a () serious impact on his (its) family`s (families) travel plans.

"Particular with () (the) summer coming along, we `ve (XXX) began ( )(to) discussing whether (what) we would ( ) take a road trip or not to (well triple now on) the Texas coast (cars).And gas prices reach three dollars a gallon, (parcles which we XXX XXX),we probably won`t (want) do that.”

I am very busy in these two days. So I didn`t come here to write down my study notes.

Today I begin to study the listening text " Step By Step Book1 ".

Book1

Unit 1 introduction

Lesson 1

听写出错的句子：

[news:/s/01:28.9-01:36.0] Is this the boss?

[news:/s/02:50.3-02:53.2] twelve Princess street

[news:/s/03:13.6-03:14.9] Oh, it`s aspirin.

[news:/s/04:13.0-04:18.7] No, I live in Edinburgh.

[news:/s/06:08.5-06:14.3] monologue

[news:/s/07:16.1-07:18.5] I am Robert Shade.

[news:/s/07:21.0-07:22.5] I am a journalist.

[news:/s/08:05.1-08:06.4] Shelia Martin

[news:/s/08:07.6-08:09.0] Sydney Australia

Cultural Notes:

People in the West usually do not ask about others` age. Questions about age, income and family are considered personal.

They are only acceptable in such settings as interviews, courtrooms, etc.

“How old is your wife?” is a very personal and impolite question to ask, so the man evades the question.

Lunch time may be as early as 11:30 a.m. or

A pub is a place where beer, other drinks, and meals are served. Many people go there at lunch time.

Background Notes:

“How old is your wife?” “I don`t know”

There is a standing joke that once people reach the age of 29, they start counting backwards or stay 29.

The second dialogue most probably takes place at the Customs outside Australia between A, the Customs officer, and B, the traveler, Sheila Martin. The questions in the dialogue are typical in this situation.

Suggested Techniques:

Tell the students that the last word in each sentence of the monologue is important and therefore deserves their special attention.

Book1

Unit 1 introduction

Lesson 2

dictation content:

[news:/s/00:24.7-00:25.8] phonetics

[news:/s/01:38.8-01:42.7] Miss Smart`s initials are A.J.

[news:/s/02:45.1-02:47.6] My full name is Rodney Hill Watson.

[news:/s/03:02.3-03:05.3] And your initials please? P.G.

[news:/s/03:35.2-03:37.7] and I live in Denver, Colorado.

[news:/s/03:41.0-03:43.5] I live on Clayton street.

[news:/s/04:28.8-04:33.0] What`s your surname,please, It`s Wilson.

[news:/s/04:44.6-04:46.9] 27 Grafton Street.

[news:/s/06:01.4-06:08.6] J.T. Harper,98 Ring Wood Street, Tenterden, Kent.

Cultural Notes

In English speaking countries, the given name(on first name) is placed before the surname (family name or last name).

So if the person`s given name is Henry and his surname is Jones, the full name would be written Henry Jones.

Many people also have a middle name which they do not usually use except for identification on official documents.

When signing official documents, a person usually signs his given name, the initial of his middle name, and his surname.

So the signature of Henry Samuel Mason would be Henry S. Mason or H.S. Mason.

The first is more common in America while the latter is more common in Great Britain.

Background Notes:

Notice the way Rod Watson gives his address. “My address is 1490 Clayton Street.”

English-speaking people usually give their address in the following order:

the house number, the street name, the name of the city, the name of province or state, and finally, if necessary, the name of the country. In other words, the information moves from the specific to the general.

This dialogue takes place in a registration office.Usually there are many people waiting to be registered.

Because of the limit of time and the relationship between the people involved, questions asked are often short and abrupt.

Such questions are acceptable and appropriate only in similar situations.

They might sound rude and impolite in daily person-to-person communication.

Suggested Techniques:

This monologue is a brief self-introduction.

Tell the students that the last few words of each sentence present us with the most important information---the speaker`s name, address, date of birth, and place of work.

The skill of jotting down people`s names, addresses and telephone numbers is of high practical value in daily life.

The information received is usually brief and clear, and the skill is also simple in itself.

However, quick and accurate interpretation of the information might still require special and focused training.

So if time permits, give the students some more similar practice.