主题：CalmSky的学习笔记

爱只是一根线(Love Is Just a Thread)

Sometimes I really doubt whether there is love between my parents. Every day they are very busy trying to earn money in order to pay the high tuition for my brother and me. They don’t act in the romantic ways that I read in books or I see on TV. In their opinion, “I love you” is too luxurious for them to say. Sending flowers to each other on Valentine’s Day is even more out of the question. Finally my father has a bad temper. When he’s very tired from the hard work, it is easy for him to lose his temper.

　　有时候，我真的怀疑父母之间是否有真爱。他们天天忙于赚钱，为我和弟弟支付学费。他们从未像我在书中读到，或在电视中看到的那样互诉衷肠。他们认为“我爱你”太奢侈，很难说出口。更不用说在情人节送花这样的事了。我父亲的脾气非常坏。经过一天的劳累之后，他经常会发脾气。

　　One day, my mother was sewing a quilt. I silently sat down beside her and looked at her.

　　“Mom, I have a question to ask you,” I said after a while.

　　“What?” she replied, still doing her work.

　　“Is there love between you and Dad?” I asked her in a very low voice.

　　一天，母亲正在缝被子，我静静地坐在她旁边看着她。

　　过了一会，我说：“妈妈，我想问你一个问题。”

　　“什么问题？”她一边继续缝着，一边回答道。

　　我低声地问道：“你和爸爸之间有没有爱情啊？”

　　My mother stopped her work and raised her head with surprise in her eyes. She didn’t answer immediately. Then she bowed her head and continued to sew the quilt.

　　I was very worried because I thought I had hurt her. I was in a great embarrassment and I didn’t know what I should do. But at last I heard my mother say the following words:

　　母亲突然停下了手中的活，满眼诧异地抬起头。她没有立即作答。然后低下头，继续缝被子。

　　我担心伤害了她。我非常尴尬，不知道该怎么办。不过，后来我听见母亲说：

　　“Susan,” she said thoughtfully, “Look at this thread. Sometimes it appears, but most of it disappears in the quilt. The thread really makes the quilt strong and durable. If life is a quilt, then love should be a thread. It can hardly be seen anywhere or anytime, but it’s really there. Love is inside.”

　　“苏珊，看看这些线。有时候，你能看得见，但是大多数都隐藏在被子里。这些线使被子坚固耐用。如果生活就像一床被子，那么爱就是其中的线。你不可能随时随地看到它，但是它却实实在在地存在着。爱是内在的。”

　　I listened carefully but I couldn’t understand her until the next spring. At that time, my father suddenly got sick seriously. My mother had to stay with him in the hospital for a month. When they returned from the hospital, they both looked very pale. It seemed both of them had had a serious illness.

　　我仔细地听着，却无法明白她的话，直到来年的春天。那时候，我父亲得了重病。母亲在医院里待了一个月。当他们从医院回来的时候，都显得非常苍白。就像他们都得了一场重病一样。

　　After they were back, every day in the morning and dusk, my mother helped my father walk slowly on the country road. My father had never been so gentle. It seemed they were the most harmonious couple. Along the country road, there were many beautiful flowers, green grass and trees. The sun gently glistened through the leaves. All of these made up the most beautiful picture in the world.

　　他们回来之后，每天的清晨或黄昏，母亲都会搀扶着父亲在乡村的小路上漫步。父亲从未如此温和过。他们就像是天作之合。在小路旁边，有许多美丽的野花、绿草和树木。阳光穿过树叶的缝隙，温柔地照射在地面上。这一切形成了一幅世间最美好的画面。

　　The doctor had said my father would recover in two months. But after two months he still couldn’t walk by himself. All of us were worried about him.

　　医生说父亲将在两个月后康复。但是两个月之后，他仍然无法独立行走。我们都很为他担心。

　　“Dad, how are you feeling now?” I asked him one day.

　　有一天，我问他：“爸爸，你感觉怎么样？”

　　“Susan, don’t worry about me.” he said gently. “To tell you the truth, I just like walking with your mom. I like this kind of life.” Reading his eyes, I know he loves my mother deeply.

　　他温和地说：“苏珊，不用为我担心。跟你说吧，我喜欢与你妈妈一块散步的感觉。我喜欢这种生活。”从他的眼神里，我看得出他对母亲的爱之深刻。

　　Once I thought love meant flowers, gifts and sweet kisses. But from this experience, I understand that love is just a thread in the quilt of our life. Love is inside, making life strong and warm..

　　我曾经认为爱情就是鲜花、礼物和甜蜜的亲吻。但是从那一刻起，我明白了，爱情就像是生活中被子里的一根线。爱情就在里面，使生活变得坚固而温暖。

以下内容需要帖子数达到10000才可以浏览

1.表示人哭的象声词

　　cry：哭，喊，未必有泪。

　　Weep：流泪，哭泣。

　　Wail：大声痛哭，尖叫。

　　Shed：流泪。

　　Tears：泪水。

　　Howl：大声哭。

　　Blubber：嚎啕大哭。

　　Whisper：低语。

　　Sob：啜泣，抽噎。

　　Pule：小孩的呜咽，抽泣。

　　2.表示人笑的象声词

　　smile：微笑

　　laugh：大笑

　　grin：露齿而笑

　　simper：假笑，傻笑

　　smirk：傻笑，得意地笑

　　roar=haw-haw= ha-ha：哈哈大笑

　　guffaw：哄笑，大笑

　　snort：扑哧一笑

　　crow：婴儿的欢叫

　　burble：窃笑

　　chuckle：抿嘴笑，暗自笑

　　giggle：咯咯地笑，傻笑

　　titter：窃笑，傻笑，嗤嗤地笑

　　snigger =snicker：窃笑

　　gurgle：咯咯地笑

　　3.表示人说话的象声词

　　boom：瓮声瓮气，低沉有回响的声音。

　　Roar：咆哮，狮子般地吼叫。

　　Snort：发哼声

　　Grunt：哼哼声，咕噜声。

　　Squawk：粗而响的叫声，诉苦或抗议。

　　Shriek：尖叫声

　　Mutter：嘀嘀咕咕，含糊的低语声

　　Murmur：喃喃说话声，隔壁的人语声

　　Mumble：叽咕，咕哝

　　Grumble：肚子咕咕的叫声，牢骚

　　Whisper：低语，谣言

　　Hum：哼曲子的声音，犹豫时的嗯嗯声。

　　hum and haw：表示犹豫或支吾的嗯嗯呃呃声

　　chatter：喋喋不休，震颤声 babble：唠叨，咿呀学语

　　gabble：急促不清的话声

　　gibber和jabber：同上

　　prattle：婴儿的喁喁学语声

　　chat：聊天

　　coo：喁喁细语

　　bark：叫骂，叫喊

　　snarl：咆哮， bellow：怒吼声

　　shrill：尖声

　　moan：呻吟声，悲叹声

　　stammer：结巴

二、特种语言——动物的叫声

　　ape(猿)----- gibber

　　ass(驴)---bray

　　bee(蜜蜂)-----hum, buzz, drone

　　bird(鸟)-----twitter, chirp, chirrup

　　bull(公牛)-----bellow, low

　　beetle(甲虫)-----drone

　　calf(小牛)----- bleat

　　cat(猫)-----miaow， miaou, meow， purr

　　camel(骆驼)-----grunt

　　chicken(小鸡)----- cheep

　　cricket(蟋蟀)-----chirp

　　dog(豿)-----bark， yelp， snarl， growl

　　duck(鸭子)-----quack

　　donkey(驴)-----bray， heehaw

　　elephant(大象)-----trumpet

　　fly(苍蝇)---buzz

　　fox(狐狸)----- yelp

　　frog(青蛙)-----croak

　　goat(山羊)----- bleat

　　goose(鹅)-----crackle， gaggle

　　hen(母鸡)----- crackle， cluck， chuck， chuckle

　　horse(马)----- neigh， whinniy， nicker

　　jackal(豺)-----howl

　　lark(云雀)-----warble

　　lion(狮子)----- roar

　　monkey(驴)----- chatter, screech, gibber,

　　mosquito(蚊子)----- hum， buzz， drone

　　mouse(老鼠)----- squeak， peep

　　parrot(鹦鹉)-----talk

　　pig(猪)-----grunt

　　tiger(老虎)---- growl

　　wolf(狼)----- howl， growl

　　三、天生的音乐家——鸟鸣的声音

　　由于表示鸟的叫声的单词往往含有字母C，故，有人把C称为“鸟鸣字母”。

　　Crow(乌鸦)-----caw

　　geese(鹅)----crackle

　　swans(天鹅)----chant

　　chicken(小鸡)----cheep

　　magpies(喜鹊)----- chatter

　　swallows(燕子)-----chirp

　　hens(母鸡)-----chuck

　　pigeons(鸽子)----- coo

　　ravens(渡鸦)-----croak

　　cocks(公鸡)-----crow

　　cuckoos(杜鹃，布谷鸟)-----cuckoo

　　四、天籁之声(此处主要指非生命的声音)

　　Babble：潺潺声，叽叽喳喳。 Hear the babble of many voices.

　　cling-clang

　　click：轻微的尖声，咔嗒声。The click of a switch; He saluted with a click of his heels.

　　clank：低沉的金属声,叮当声； clang：金属敲击的声音,叮当声；

　　Creak：嘎吱声(松动的门铰链及木地板)。A creaky floor-board

　　Crack：爆裂声，劈啪声。 A crack of pistol shot.

　　Crash：撞击声，破裂声，坠落声。 The crash of dishes being dropped.

　　Flop：扑通一声。 Fall flop into the water.

　　Gurgle：汩汩声，婴儿咯咯的笑声。The water gurgled as it ran down the plug-hole.

　　Hoot：猫头鹰的叫声，汽笛、喇叭的声响。 The driver hooted at the sheep in the road.

　　Hum：昆虫的营营声,嗡嗡声；人犹豫时的嗯嗯声。The hum of the bees.

　　hush：让安静的声音

　　Jingle：硬币、钥匙等金属的叮当声；

　　jangle：刺耳的声音(多金属声)The fire-alarm kept jangling.

　　Murmur：低沉、持续而不清的声音，隔壁的人语声。The distant murmur of the sea .

　　The murmur of the voices from next room.

　　pit-a-pit：噼啪声。the pit-a-pit of the rain on the roof.

　　purl：潺潺的流水声。 a purling brook.(潺潺的溪流)

　　rattle：短促而尖利的声音，如瓶子的哐啷哐啷声，机关枪的咯咯声。

　　rat-a-rat, rat-tat, rat-tat -tat, rat-tat-too,,(敲门的)砰砰声。

　　rub-a-dub：(鼓的)咚咚声。

　　Rustle, rustling：轻而爽的声音。 The rustle of banknotes.

　　Roll：持续而平稳的震动声。The distant roll of thunder.

　　Rumble：低沉而持续的声音，咚咚(鼓)声，(饿肚子)咕咕声等。The rumble of drums.

　　sizzle：咝咝声(如煎炸声)

　　Snap：快门声，开、关的声音，突然咬住的声音，厉声(说话)。The lid shut with a snap.

　　Sough：细小的声音，飒飒声，瑟瑟声。 The sough of the wind in the woods.

　　Splash：溅泼声。He fell into the lake with a splash .

　　splash, plump：沉重的物体突然坠地的声音。 He sat down in the chair with a plump.

　　Thud：撞击软物的沉闷的声响(撞击软物，砰然落下)。 The car hit the farmer with a sickening thud.

　　Thump：重击声。The sack of cement hit the ground with a thump .

　　toot：号角、喇叭等的嘟嘟声。The driver tooted his horn as he approached the bend.

　　Totter：snigger, fizz：嘶嘶声，噼啪声。The fizz of a firework。

　　Zoom：飞行器、汽车在快速移动时的嗡嗡声。The jet zoomed lower over our heads.

有朋自远方来,不亦乐乎!
How happy we are, To meet friends from afar!

欢聚一堂
enjoy a happy get-together

一见如故
feel like an old friends at first sight
一回生,二回熟
First time strangers, second time friends
共叙旧谊
renew friendship
记忆犹新
remain fresh in one's memory
一言为定
It's a deal.
礼轻情意重
The gift itself may be small, but the goodwill is deep.
一如既往
as always
入乡随俗
When in Rome do as the Romans do.
百闻不如一见
Seeing is believing.
举世瞩目 draw worldwide attention
天时、地利、人和
Good opportunity, favorable geographical location and support from the people.
政通人和
The government functions well and the people live in harmony.
深入人心
enjoy popular support
名副其实
be true to one's name
名不虚传
deserve one's reputation
日新月异
change with each passing day
盲目发展
pell-mell development
欲速则不达
Haste makes waste; More haste, less speed
千里之行,始于足下
A three-hundred-mile journey starts with the first step.
空谈误国,实干兴邦
empty talks would lead the country astray, and hard work can rejuvenate the nation.
取长补短
learn from other's strong points and close the gap
求同存异
to seek common ground while reserving differences
英雄所见略同
Great minds think alike.
互谅互让
mutual understanding and mutual accommodation
目光远大
be far-sighted
有识之士
person of insight
光明磊落
be open and aboveboard
己所不欲,勿施于人
Do as you would be done by.
事与愿违
get the opposite of what one intended
同舟共济
be in the same boat
好事多磨
A good gain takes long pain.
旁观者清
An onlooker sees most of the game.
轻而易举
with great ease
十年树木,百年树人
It takes ten years to grow trees but a hundred years to educate people.
后顾之忧
Troubles bake at home
事实胜于雄辩
Facts speak louder than words
首屈一指
second to none
突飞猛进
make great/rapid strides
牵线搭桥 serve as a bridge
科技兴国
invigorating/boosting/prospering China through science and technology
开源节流
tap new sources of revenue and husband existing resources
开门见山
come straight to the point
积少成多
every little counts/helps
学以致用
learn to meet practical needs
蒸蒸日上
grow with every passingday \ flourishing
精益求精
seeking increasing perfection
统筹兼顾
make overall arrangements
投机倒把/买空卖空
engage in speculation
缺斤短两
short in weight
患难之交
a friend in need is a friend indeed./ tested friends./ share weal and woe
不言而喻
It’s self-evident that
毫无疑问
This is beyond dispute
当务之急
It’s of great urgency that
摆事实讲道理 present the facts and reason things out
如愿以偿
have one’s wish fulfilled
审时度势，顺应潮流
assess the situation, go with the tide

How happy we are To meet friends from afar!

The gift itself may be small, but the goodwill is deep.

谢了、楼主

谢了。楼主

HOPE FOR THE BEST, AND PREPARE FOR THE WORST!!

da bomb
that's a da bomb.
you are so phat.

he's gone, he's wasted, he's pissed, he's arseholed, 喝醉了。

you are such a jerk, you are dickhead，白痴。

limited usage:

dude fellas
what's up, dude. 哥们。
what's up, fellas, just use in America. for old people.

411 clue
what's the 411? hi, what's new?
do you have a clue? I have no clue. 你知道么？我不知道。

dough 钱，银子
loot, 黑人用的钱
hi, you got some loot? 打劫是说。
could you lend me some dough?

sprogs贬抑的kid。毛孩子。
hi, sprogs, stop, leave me alone. negitive way to say kids.

general expression is important

it can be risky for someone who is not native speaker to use slang.
excessive usage of slang might be harmful.

teen movie, drama, subtitle. 字幕
stop pulling my leg. 你不要在和我说谎了。

it's raining heavily
it's pissing down.

vulgar. 粗俗的。

dude and byotch.
哥们和姐们
you are 娃哈哈, you are byotch. 不好的女人，

stud and babe
帅哥和美女
look at that beautiful babe. I am hanging out with a cool stud.

mom's baby and fossil.
you are just the mom's baby. come on, don't be a mom's baby.
mom's boy.
fossil, you are fossil. 你少年老成。古板。

third wheel.
you are third wheel. 电灯泡。
I don't want to be a third wheel.

lady-killer. a guy who is very attractive.
you are guy-killer. woman-killer, granny-killer,
do you understand what I am saying？

Monkey around and stick around.
he is always monkey around. 他非常淘气。
stick around:
you stick around, I am going to bathroom
你在这里转悠转悠。
I am going to stick around here, you go ahead.

knock it off别闹了。
hey, knock it off. 妈妈说孩子，别闹了。
hang in there. 坚持
how's going, hi, what's new, hang in there. 老样子。

get over it. 少来
I think you the most handsome guy, I just adore u.
get over it. 你少来。

screw it up. screwit up. 搞砸锅了。
I screw it up my exam. 我考试砸锅了。
don't screw it up. 别搞砸了

hit the road.
出发了。it's time to hit the road, get in the car.

get laid.
have sex. I want to have sex with u.
hi, you know what, do you want to get laid tonight？

anybody wants to have a laid. here, here, I am the first.

veg out. 没有意思。腻歪。I am vegging out in a bar right now.
hang out. 出去玩了
I will hang out tomorrow with my friend.
I really want to hang out.

play by myself.

dis,
you are just a loser,
are you dising me?
I heard you were dising my family.

kick someone's ass. 揍某人。
have a great chemistry. 默契。

crappy. 这个东西太烂了
oh, my god, this car is so crappy.
what's the most crappy thing in China?
for the car, BMW. for the electric, TCL.

funky 古怪的。
geeky. 太土了
sassy. 时髦的。fashionable. 形容物的。

fussy. 挑剔的。you are so fussy. 贬抑。
drowsy. sleepy.

娃哈哈y. 母夜叉，喜怒无常。一会哭一会闹。
you are so 娃哈哈y.
it's so dicey. 这个东西有风险。
it's dicey to put all your money into this business.

goofy. 傻乎乎。oh, this person looks so goofy. you are so goofy.
horny. want to have sex.

lame. this is so lame. you are so lame. 你就是一个废人。I think you can achieve nothing in your life

uptight. 不要说nervous, stress. well, I am just a little bit uptight.

juicy. 肉麻的。
dorky. 弱智的。retarded you are so dorky.
you are such a juicy person. get over it.

fab. fabulous. oh, my god, you gf is so fab. 完美。人和物都可以。
hyped. 宣传。pomotion. 张扬的。
she is so hyped. 她很招摇。

此主题相关图片如下：

guesstimate -- (guess+ estimate) motel --(motor hotel) tigon -- tiger +lion zonkey --(zebra +donkey) free + software = freeware flutter + hurry =flurry fan + magazine = fanzine prim + sissy = prissy seascape -- sea landscape goodbye = god be with you

此主题相关图片如下：

Breaking the Ice

¨         Personal background

1. Where are you from ?                         
I’m from China / the States.

2. Where were you born ?                        
I was born in Tianjin, China.

3. Where is your home town/birthplace ?           
I was born in New York.  

4. Where in China are you from ?
I’m from Tianjin.

5. What is your nationality ?                      
I’m Chinese.

6. What is your citizenship ?                       
I’m American.

7. Do you study or Work ?                         
I study / work now.

¨         Education

1. What’s your major ?                            
My major is business.

2. Which school / college do you attend ?          
I go to Harvard University.

3. What’s your level of education ?               
I’ve got a Bachelor / Masters.

4. When will / did you graduate ?     
I’ll graduate next year. / I graduated 2 years ago.

5. What year are you ?                      
I'm a freshman/★★★广告屏蔽★★★/Junior/Senior.

¨         Employment

1. What do you do ? What’s your occupation ?     
I’m an engineer working with GM.

2. How many years you’ve been working ?         
I’ve been working for 4 years.

3. What is your position in the company ?          
I’m a clerk. / I’m a manager.

 ¨         Other questions

1. Are you married or single ?                 
I’m married. / I’m single. / I’m divorced.

2. What do you like to do in your spare time ?   
I’m into Sports. / I like reading.

3. Do you have children ?                 
I have three / No, I don’t have any children.

4. How long do you plan to stay here in China ?

5. What are your impressions of this country ?

060726 notes:

how to break the ice with foreigners

music trigger the passion, pls get ready for the class.

learning a language is never an easy process. DJ.
I hope you will find your handout.

go and communicate
how's going?
you and him\her
your shirt is just gorgeous. 用第三方来引起对话。

get common point
small talk.
personal background
what's your first name? (full name)
what's your last name?
American way to ask name.
given name. hui
last name: liu

where'r u from?
I am from States. I will go back to States. 就是美国的意思。
where were u born?
my mom gave birth to five kids. 生了
my wife is expecting. 怀孕了。

where's your hometown?
where's your birthplace?
你的籍贯？ where are you from originally？
where are you originally from?

where in the States are you from?
从国家的哪个城市来？ 介词in.

ethnicity 民族
citizenship.国籍。passport
nationality. 是什么人，什么color.

填写国籍：I am Chinese.

do you study or work?
what is your horoscope? 你是属什么的？
Chinese horoscope?
属鸡的，rooster
24岁的ignitertime. so young.

金鸡鞋油：Golden Rooster.

sexual orientation 你的性取向是什么？
what's your sexual orientation. 取向
orient. 东方
homosexual
I am straight 我是正常的性取向。呵呵。

Education~

What's your major?
I major in business minor in education. 主修商业，辅修教育

which school do you attend?
I go to tsinghua university.
I stay at ...

what's your level of education? 说学位呢。
I've got a Masters.
associate degree. 专科。
I've got an associate degree in English. 我是英语专科。
PHD 博士。

what year are you?
freshman, ★★★广告屏蔽★★★, junior, senior.

what's your position in your company?
manager supervisor(科长） teamleader
I am a supervisor in sales. 我是销售部科长。

I will settle for u.
I will not settle for. 凑合，将就。

whatever?

not to ask:
age, money, religion
it looks real. it's fake
how much have you got in your deposit?((20:44:22

religion
I am an atheist. 我不信仰宗教。
atheist 无神论者
buddist 佛教
catholic 天主教
christian 基督教

haha. distance. unatural. personal state

muslim 伊斯兰教

Abbreviation

Definition

A shortened form of a word or phrase used chiefly in writing or speaking to represent the complete form, such as Mass.
for Massachusetts or USMC for United States Marine Corps.

Focus today

1. Acronym

2. Initialism

3. Portmanteau words

4. Informal abbreviation

5. Foreign abbreviation

1. Acronym

Acronym is a kind of abbreviation. It is a word formed by taking letters from a phrase that is too long to use comfortably.

eg: Laser is an acronym of Light AMplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation

NATO – North Atlantic Treaty Organization

OPEC – Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries

AIDS – Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome

SARS -- Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome

Unesco – United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization

TOEFL – Test of English as a Foreign Language

IELTS – International English Language Testing System

OPEC – Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries

AIDS – Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome

SARS -- Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome

Unesco – United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization

TOEFL – Test of English as a Foreign Language

IELTS – International English Language Testing System

2. Initialism

If the letters do not make a word, but are pronounced individually, as in the CIA or the BBC, it can be called an initialism.

WHO – World Health Organization                       UN – United Nations

BBC – British Broadcasting Corporation             PM – Prime Minister

PLO – Palestine Liberation Organization            CEO – Chief Executive Officer

FBI – Federal Bureau of Investigation                  UFO – Unidentified Flying Object

POW – Prisoners of War                                       CFC – Chloro-fluoro-carbons

CIF -- Cost, Insurance & Freight                            C/D -- Customs Declaration

IMT / EXT / INT -- import / export / international

B.C. -- Before Christ                                                WC -- Water Closet

PRC -- People's Republic of China                        MC -- Marriage Certificate

PA -- Personal Assistant                                         PR / HR -- Public relations / Human Resources

PK -- Player Killer                                                     SUV -- Sports Utility Vehicle

DJ -- Disc Jockey                                                     R.I.P -- Rest in Peace

3. Portmanteau words

A portmanteau word is formed out of parts of other words.

Oxbridge is made up from parts of the names of Oxford and Cambridge and refers to either of the two universities. 'Swatch' is a portmanteau word formed from Swiss

watch, 'brunch' is formed from Breakfast and lunch.

A 'chocoholic' has a problem with chocolate that is like the addiction of an alcoholic. Portmanteau words offer a quick way of forming new words that are easilyunderstood by

virtually everybody.

Fugly -- Fat + Ugly                                             Edutainment -- Education + entertainment

Camcorder -- Camera + Recorder                     Smog -- Smoke + Fog

Slang -- Slovenly Language                              Dumbfound -- Dumb + Confound       

Mimsy -- Miserable + Flimsy                              Fumious -- fuming + Furious

sitcom -- situation + comedy                             workaholic -- Work + Addict

guesstimate --                                                   motel --

tigon --                                                              zonkey --

free + software =                                              flutter + hurry =

fan + magazine =                                              prim + sissy =      

seascape --                                                       goodbye = 

4. Informal abbreviation

btw -- by the way                                               asl -- age / sex / location

lol -- laugh out loud                                            pls -- please

S.W.A.K -- sealed with a kiss                          asap -- as soon as possible

co.ltd. -- company limited                                 ID -- identification

Mr. -- Mister                                                       Sr. / Jr. -- Senior / Junior

les -- lesson                                                       rep -- representative

op -- opportunity                                                hubby -- husband
 

5. Foreign abbreviation

Abbreviation       Original             English usage------------       -----                -------------ca.                circa                approximately cf.                confer               compare

e.g.               exempli gratia       for example et al.             et alii              and the othersetc.               et cetera            and so oni.e.               id est               that is P.S.   

           post scriptum        an addition to the main text VS                 versus               againstSPA               Solus Par Aqua        healthy waterAD                Anno Domini      

    in the year of the Lordam                ante medium           before noonpm                post medium           after noon

Unit 2 A Simple Truth about Happiness
1. owe:
1) be in debt to (sb.) for (sth.)
He owes his tailor $50.
He owes $50 to his tailor.
He still owes for the goods he had last month.他依然欠着上个月买东西的帐.
2) owe (sth.) to sb. 归功于, 受…的恩惠, 感激
We owe a great deal to our parents and teachers.我们深受父母和师长之恩.
I owe it to you that I am still alive.我现在还活着,应该感谢你.
3) be bound to give as a duty: 按责任和义务须给
owe reverence and obedience to the Pope应该尊敬和服从教宗.
2. lie in: (of abstract things)exist; be in a certain position or manner
The trouble lies in the engine.毛病发生在引擎.
The fundamental cause of the development of a thing lies in its internal contradictoriness.事物发生的根本原因在于事物内部的矛盾性.
3. wage v.t. carry on, engage in (war, a campaign) 进行；从事;开展(战争,某战役)
4. strike, struck
1) hit, give a blow
He seized a stick and struck at me.
2) have (usu. a strong) effect upon the mind; attract the attention of: 造成强烈的印象, 吸引…的注意
How does the idea strike you? 你感觉这主意怎么样?
An idea suddenly struck him. 他突然想到一个主意.
It struck me that he was not telling the truth.(=I had the impression) 我的印象是他未说实话.
5. live up to 实践(原则,誓言); 达到…(标准)
He was a man who lived up to his promises. 他是个从不背信弃义的人.
6. confide: tell (a secret to) 倾诉(秘密)
He confided his troubles to a friend.
7. essentially 实质上
In considering a problem, one must grasp its essentials. 观察问题, 要抓住它的本质.
8. transcend: go beyond the range of (human experience, reason, belief, power of description etc.)超出,超越(人的经验、理性、信念、描写力等)

Unit 4 A Time for Apologies
1. liable to 易于，有…倾向(have a tendency to, to be likely to)
He is liable to seasickness.
Without careful investigation, you’re liable to come to wrong conclusion.
2. sophisticated/complex
a sophisticated man 老于世故的人
sophisticated weapons 尖端武器
3. in earnest: seriously, in a determined manner
remould oneself in (real) earnest 重新改造自己
4. trickle of apologies
Blood trickled down his arm.
The tears trickled from her eyes.
5. apologies were issued by…
issue an order
issue a commemorative set of 8-fen stamps
5. predecessor: former holder of any office or position
one’s immediate predecessor 某人的直接前任者
6. appropriate
at an appropriate time
take appropriate measures
a remark appropriate to/for the occasion
7. erase
erase the pencil marks
The recording can be erased and the tape used again.
8. call for 要求，需要，提倡，号召，
a problem that call for immediate solution
call for economy提倡节约
9. crime committed during World War II
10. demand
demand an immediate answer of/from sb.要求某人立即答复
11．fulfill
fulfill a promise to the letter 不折不扣地履行诺言
12．outweigh
The advantages outweigh the disadvantages.
13. academic: scholastic, not practical 空谈的，空泛的

Unit 5 Engineering
1. look for 寻找，期待
be looking for trouble自找麻烦
look for sb’s arrival 期待某人的到来
2．ingenuity: cleverness at making things 独出心裁，设计新颖，精巧
3．adapt
adapt sth. for a particular use
a play adapted from a novel
4. sturdy强壮的，结实的
a sturdy lad 强健的小伙子
a sturdy plant
sturdy cloth
sturdy knowledge
5. lift
The crane lifted the bales into the hold.起重机将大包吊进货仓。
She lifted her eyes from the novel.
6. feat: achievement
7. monumental: of lasting value
the monumental Great Wall of China
monumental works不朽的著作
8．harness: to use (a river, waterfall, etc.) produce (esp. electric power)
to harness water
to harness a horse to a carriage
to harness the limitless power of the sun
9. bring about带来，造成
bring about great changes
What brought about his illness?
10. obsolete: out of date陈旧的，荒废的
an obsolete word已废的词
obsolete guns老式的枪炮
11．involve in
He was involved in working out a plan.
Building this road will will the construction of ten bridges.
12. qualify
His selfless sprit qualifies him for the task.
be qualified as a doctor
be qualified to do /for doing the work 能胜任这个工作。

today is a lovely day here, clear blue sky with treaks of clouds, but it is still a bit hot.