主题：說文解字話詞彙

說文解字話詞彙 (1) May 11, 2005 Passion/Patient Passion（受難）與 passion（激情）

《The Passion of Christ》是 Mel Gibson 執導的耶稣受难片﹐該片未上映即引起爭議﹐有些人對Gibson的詮釋有異議﹐有些人深恐該片會引發反猶情結。

Passion (受難) 這字的始祖是拉丁字根 pati﹔pati- 的意思是 "to suffer, endure; 受苦﹐忍受"﹐大家認識的 patient (病人)就是從這字根來 。Passion 的正式用法﹐需要大寫並加定冠詞﹐原先是專指耶穌在十字架上受難(sufferings of Christ on the Cross)﹐其相關用語還有Passion Week「受難週」，Passion play「受難劇」。 Passion 後來也用于殉道者的受難﹐而最著名的應該是巴哈根據馬太福音所寫成的的名曲「馬太受難曲」(Matthew Passion)。 小寫的 passion 則有 "strong emotion 激情﹑sexual love 性愛﹑enthusiasm 熱愛" 的意思。

The Passion of Christ一片，中國翻譯為《耶穌受難記》﹐最是正確﹔香港翻譯為《受難曲》，差強人意﹔ 台灣片商則譯作《受難記：最後的激情》﹐畫蛇添足﹐Passion（受難）與 passion（激情）混淆不清﹐是嚴重的誤譯﹐難怪引起了基督教徒的非議。

說文解字

pati: to bear, to suffer patient ( a.) 忍耐的,容忍的,有耐性的; (n) 病人 = pati (to suffer, 受苦) + ent (one who 者) = 病患 (為病所苦者) impatient不耐煩的,急躁的,忍受不了的;急欲的,急切的 = im (not, 不) + patient (忍耐的) = 不耐煩的 patience 耐心,忍耐,耐性,忍耐力,堅韌 = pati ( to bear﹐忍耐,) + ence (the quality of, 心﹑性) = 耐性 compatible可相容的, 能共處的,可並立的,適合的 = com (together, 相互) + pati (to bear, 容忍)+ ble (that may be, 可) = 可相容的 (可以相互容忍的) compatibility 相容性 = compatible ( 可相容的 ) + ity (the state of being, 性﹑狀態) = 相容性 (有可以相容的性質) incompatible 不一致的,不協調的,不相容的 = in (not, 不) + compatible (可相容的) = 不相容的

pass: to bear, to suffer passion 熱愛,強烈的感情,熱情,(P-)耶穌的受難 = pass (to suffer, 受苦) + ion (ing, 動名詞後綴 ) = suffering (n) 受苦 原意是受苦﹐逐漸變為強烈的感情 compassion 同情,憐憫 = com(together, 一起) + passion(受苦) = 一起感受﹐人痛己痛 = 同情﹐惻隱之心sympathy passionate 熱情的,熱烈的,易怒的 = passion ( 熱情) + ate (having the quality of, 有) = 熱情的 (有熱情) compassionate 慈悲的,富於同情心的,斟酌情況的(vt.)憐憫,同情 = compassion (同情心) + ate (有) = 有同情心的 passive 被動的, 消極的; 被動消極的東西;被動語態,被動式 = pass (feeling, 感情) + ive (having the quality of, 有) = 原意是有感情的﹐逐漸變為被動的, 消極的。原意尚可從impassive 見出。 impassive 無感情的,冷淡的,無感覺的,平靜的,不動的 = im (not, 不﹑沒有) + passive (有感情的) = 無感情的

說文解字話詞彙 (2) May 11, 2005 Divide/Division A house divided against itself cannot stand.

一個家庭對立內訌﹐斷然無法屹立。

這句話﹐膾炙人口﹐是林肯的名句。1858年﹐共和黨在春田 (Springfield) 舉行諾伊州代表大會。林肯發表演說﹐接受共和黨提名﹐競選聯邦參議員。那時﹐美國已經為黑奴問題而分裂對立﹐雙方壁壘分明。正值堪薩斯申請加入聯邦﹐入聯邦後﹐究竟應為蓄奴州 (a slave state) 或是自由州 (a free state)﹐兩邊吵翻天。甚至﹐有人開始討論美國是否應當分成自由﹑蓄奴兩國。 林肯深知﹐只有團結才能維護國家屹立永存(Unity is the strength that preserves a nation).。發表演說時﹐他雙手緊緊抓住講臺﹐緩慢而堅定地宣說﹕

A house divided against itself cannot stand. I believe this government cannot endure permanently. 一個家庭對立內訌﹐斷然無法屹立﹔我認為這个政府絕對無法長存。 And as they said, the rest was history.

說文解字

Divide (分裂) 可分成字首di- (apart, 相離) 和字根 vide (to separate 分開) divide = di, apart +vide, to separate = to separate into parts; to force apart

Divide也作”分水嶺“( separation between river valleys, watershed) 。Dividend, "a thing to be divide,d” 演變成“紅利﹐股息”(the sum to be divided among stock holders) 。Divider是隔間或屏風 (a partition or screen,"especially in a room) 。Divide and rule (分而治之) ﹐拉丁文作 divide et impera﹐是意大利鬼谷子 Machiavell的格言。

DIVID: to divide 分割, to separate 分離 divide 除;分配,分享;分歧(vi.)分,分開;分裂,意見分歧;除,分,劃分;分開,隔開 < L. dividere "to force apart 分開, cleave 分割, distribute 分配," = dis (apart, 相離(副詞)) + videre (to separate, 分開) subdivide 再分;細分;細別 = sub (after, 後) + divide (分割) = to divide after (being divided) 分割再分割 = to divide further再分 dividend 被除數; 股息 < M.Fr. dividende "a number divided by another," 源自法文dividende﹐ 被除數。股息是the sum to be divided among stock holders﹐隱含被除數之意。 individual 個人的,個體的,單獨的 < L. individuus indivisible 原自拉丁字individuus (不可分) = in ( not﹐ 不) + dividuus (divisible﹐ 可分) 就字面解是”不可分之物 => a single person, 個人 individualism個人主義;利己主義;個性,獨特性 = individual (個人) + ism (主義) individuality 個性,人格,特徵性 = individual (個人) + ity (quality of being 性) = 個性 (個人的性情)

DIVIS : to divide 分割, to separate 分離 divisible (a.)可分的,可分割的,除得盡的 = divis (divide, 分割) + ible (that may be, 可) = 可分割的 divisibility 可分割,可除盡,整除性 = divisible (可分割) + ity (quality of being 性) division 部分,部門,科,處;分,分開;除法 = divis + ion (ing, 動名詞後綴) = 分割出來的東西 subdivision 細分,一部 = sub (after, 後) + division (分割所得之物) = 分割再分割所得之物 divisor 除數 = divis (除)+ or (one who, 執行者) = 除它數者 device 裝置; 設備 < Fr. n. devis, method by which something is divided 分割東西的方法 延伸為 something imagined or devised (設計出來的東西) devise 設計,發明,圖謀 < Fr. v.. deviser, dispose in portions, arrange, plan, contrive (設計,圖謀) divvy 分配分攤,分配 slang for "divide"

說文解字話詞彙 (3) May 12, 2005

Miss, Mise and Mit

Given the promise of nanotechnology, the race is on to harness its potential — and to profit from it. 由於納米技術的各種遠景﹐各方已展開競爭﹐研發可能的應用﹐並借以圖利。

Promise 可分解為﹕pro- {拉丁前墜﹐before 事先) + mise (拉丁字基﹐to put, send 放置﹑送出)﹔它的基本意義是 "對未來事﹐明說會發生不會發生或會作不會作 " (declaration made about the future, about some act to be done or not done)。從這基本意義衍生出來的有兩個重要的字義﹕

1. 承諾﹐答應 a verbal commitment by one person to another agreeing to do (or not to do) something in the future﹔ I promise you my best effort. 我會盡全力。

2. 有希望﹐有前途 grounds for feeling hopeful about the future There is little or no promise that he will recover. 他復原的機會極其渺茫。 My native country was full of youthful promise. 我國年輕﹐充滿希望。

說文解字

mit, miss﹐mise (to send, let go or cast 送出﹑放行﹑拋擲): admit 允許進入,承認,接納,容納; 容許有,開向,承認 = ad (to, 副詞﹐朝內 ) + mit (let go, 讓行) = to let in (讓人朝內行 => 允許進入) admission = ad (in, ) + miss (to let go) + ion (the act of) = the act of letting in admissible = ad (in, ) + miss (to let go) + ible (the quality of) = the quality of being let in admittance = admit + ance = the act of admitting

commit 把…交托給,提交;犯,幹;使承擔義務,使作出保証 = com (together) + mit (to send) = to bring together 原意是把東西放在一起﹐演變成使承擔義務(把責任和人放在一起) commision commitment commisioner 委員,理事,行政長官 commitee 委員會,全體委員 commissary 代表,委員,物資供應所 commissariat 軍需部,糧食,糧食補給

demit 辭職 = de (lower) + mit (to send, to put) = to send or bring down, to lower 原意是辭退﹐現作辭職解。 emit 發出,放射,吐露,散發,發行 = e (out) + mit (to send) = to send out, to give out emission = e (out) + miss + ion emissary 密使,間諜,使者(a.)密使的,間諜的 = e (out) + miss (to send) + ary (one who) = one who's sent out intermit = inter (between) + mit (to send) = to send between (intervals) intermission intermitten manumit 解放,釋放 = manu (the hand) + mit (to send) = to take from the hand of (slave owner) = to release from slavery omit 省略,刪除,疏忽,遺漏 = ob (not) + mit (to send) = to let go (by not sending it) omission permit 許可証,許可,執照(vt.)允許,容許(vi.)容許 = per (through) + mit (to let) = to let through, to let go permission permissive pretermit 置之不問,默認,怠慢 = preter (by) + mit (to send, to let go) = to let go by, to disregard. remit 寬恕,赦免,免除,匯出,緩和,減輕,提交,使復職,推遲,傳送(vi.)緩和 = re (back) + mit (to send) = to send back, to give up remiss 怠慢的,不小心的,遲緩的,疏忽的 remission remittnce submit 使服從,使受到,委託,提出,認為(vi.)屈服,服從 = sub (under) + mit = to send under submission submissive transmit 傳送(vt.)傳輸,轉送,傳達,遺傳,發射,傳播(vi.)發射信號,發報 = trans (across, over) + mit = to send over = to send from one person to another or from one place to another transmission transmissible mittimus 收押令,免職(Lat. we send), a warrant of commitment to prison missile 發射物,導彈,飛彈,火箭(a.)可發射的 = miss (to cast, to throw) + ile (obect being) = an object being throw off mission 任務,代表團,使命,傳教團(vt.)派遣,向…傳教 = miss (to send) + ion (the act of) = the act of sending by authority missionary 傳教士,負有任務者,工作人員(a.)傳教的,負有使命的 = mission + ary (one who) = one who is sent on a mission; especially, one sent to propagate religion commissary, 代表,委員,物資供應所 compromise 妥協,折衷,折衷案,和解 = com (together, mutual) + promise = a mutual promise to abide by the decision of an arbiter demise, death 崩,薨,死亡(vt.)讓渡,遺贈,轉讓 = de (away) + mise (to go) = to go away, to pass premise 前提 = pre (ahead, before) + mise (to put, to place) = to place premises 房地產 promise 允諾;允諾的東西,約定的事項(vt.)允諾,答應;給人以…的指望,有…的可能 = pro (forward, before) + mise (to put) = to put forth promisory 約定的,約好的,約定支付的relating to or having the character of a promise;

說文解字話詞彙 (4) May 12, 2005

Severe Was Unfriendly

英國師資嚴重短缺，孩子可能因此無法入學。 There is a severe teacher shortage in U.K. and, as a consequence, many children may not be able to attend school.

偉氏字典蠻好玩的﹐查字時﹐常常令人想紀曉嵐捉弄太監的故事﹕

一天紀曉嵐進宮要面聖，被一位太監攔著。那太監素知紀曉嵐饒富機智奇才， 便央求他說個故事否則不讓他過去。紀曉嵐沒辦法只好說道：「從前有一個太監」， 說到這裡頓了一下卻不說了。太監等了半晌忍不住問道：「下面呢？」這時紀曉嵐 笑了笑說：「下面沒有了。」太監紅了臉訕訕的讓紀曉嵐過了去。

今朝要為severe 尋根﹐打開偉氏一看﹐它說severe是從拉丁字severus﹐而且﹐像太監一樣﹐「下面沒有了。」好像大家都懂拉丁文似的。翻了幾本別的辭書﹐也是語焉不詳。皇天不負苦心人﹐終於在Mario Pei 的一本老書裡找到下面一段話﹕

Indo-Euroupean root wer, "friendliness", from which Latin derives verus, "true" . . . Latin severus seems to be compound of se, "without", and the original meaning of the I E root, "friendliness" . . .

印歐字根wer (friendliness 友善) 衍生出拉丁字verus (true 真實). . .拉丁字 severus 似乎是 se (without, 無) 和 verus (friendliness, 友善) 的複合字。

根據上面一段話﹐我們知道﹕ severe < L. severus = se (without 無﹐不) + verus (friendliness 友善) = without friendliness 不友善 => Very strict 嚴苛

Now that makes sense!

說文解字

字根﹕ Verus, true 真實; Verax, veracis, veracious 說實話的 字基﹕ ver, true verac 衍生字﹕ ver, true very a. 真正的,真實的,恰好的,十足的,絕對的; adv.非常,完全 verily adv. 實在地,真地 = very + ly (副詞後綴) verify v. 查証,証實,檢驗 = very + fy (to make) = to prove to be true verification n. = verify + cation = the act or process of verifying veritable a. 真實的,確實的,真的 verity n. 真理,真實的陳述 = very + ty verdict n. = ver (true) + dict (saying) = saiyng that is true => the decision of a jury [dict predict, diction, jurisdiction, dictionary ] aver v. 斷言,主張 = ad (to) + ver (true) = to make true, to declare to be true averment n. 斷言,主張,申辯 = aver + ment (the act of) = the act of averring [-ment achievement, tournament, movement, development, bewilderment, sentiment ] verisimilar a. 好象真實的 = very (truth) + sililar (look like) = truth-like verisimilitude n. 好象真實,似真,逼真 = very (true) + simile (look like) + tude (the state of being) = the quality or state of being verisimilar verac: veracious a. 說實話的,誠實的,老實的,真實的 = verac (true) + ious (adjective suffix, having the character of being) = having the character of being true [-ious furious, anxious, rebellious, religious] veracity n. 說真實話,老實,誠實 = verac (true) + ity (quality of being) = the quality of being true [-ity, ty calamity, majority, prbity, liberty]

說文解字話詞彙 (5) May 12, 2005

Thanksgiving/Appreciation

Thanksgiving is a time to appreciate people we take for granted throughout the year. 一整年﹐別人為我們辛勞﹐我們視為理所當然﹐感恩節是對他們領謝感恩的時候。

美國文化切實有它優良的一面﹐我很欣賞他們的感恩節。全家聚集在一起﹐大家感謝一年來的福報。我們要感激的人太多了﹕父母﹑兄弟﹑姐妹﹑妻子﹑兒女﹑師長﹑親友。那一個不是愛護我們﹐疼惜我們。我們要感激的事也太多了﹕無病無災﹑衣食不匱﹑事業順利。套句老美的話﹕We have so much to thank for!

感激就是 appreciate。偉氏字典說 to appreciate is to be thankful for something (appreciate 是感謝); 這解釋其實未盡得其義。我比較喜歡另一本字典的解釋﹐覺得它更得其精義﹕to recognize with gratitude (appreciate 是體認領略而感謝)。

說文解字

說來有趣﹐appreciate 和另外一字appraise 是雙包胎﹐都是從拉丁字appretiare 來﹐ appretiare = ap (to, 副詞) + prectiare (price, 價格) = set the price to 評價﹐鑒定﹐估量 漸漸地﹐兩字開始分道揚鑣﹐appraise 保持原意﹐而appreciate 變成to rise in value (增值)﹐也添加了欣賞﹑感激等多重意義。

其他由price (價格) 衍生出來的字包括﹕

price 價格 priceless無價的 price-tag 標價簽 pricy 昂貴的 prize 獎賞 garnd prix 大獎 precious 珍貴的 praise 讚賞 praiseworthy 值得稱讚的 appraise v. 評估 appraisal n. 評估 appraiser 評估者 appreciate v. 增值﹐感激 appreciation n. 增值﹐感激 appreciative a. 感激的 depreciate v. 貶值 depreciation n. 貶值 depreciatory a. 貶值的﹐輕視的

說文解字話詞彙 (6) May 13, 2005

站得远远/Distant

選自 <紫水微澜（组诗）—写给自己的歌> 文 / 无痕紫水

请欣赏我的从容

尽管 我有一段不肯飘落的故事 但是 阻碍不了我从容向你走来

古老的河流 赋予我们　 生命 我不能只守望古老而苍白的钟声 为往事感怀

你　别站得远远 别那样孤零零 请　用愉悦的目光 欣赏我的从容

真的 我不算聪睿迷人 但也飘逸生动 我会奔向原野放牧春天 我会赤足嬉戏山溪与大山对话 我会追赶枫林为你采摘相思的红叶 我会在茫茫冰雪中歌舞做你梦中的白雪公主

岁月流逝　 我 不因年龄渐长而从容 只因　 有你对我的包容 请——请—— 用你包含的表情 欣赏我的从容

日前﹐碰巧看到這首詩﹐雖是初見﹐但不知為什麼覺得很面熟﹐百思不得其解。直到今晚﹐才想起來﹐第一﹑二節實在與 "love like you have never been hurt before" 有異曲同工之妙。

我特愛第三節的爽朗、自信﹕

你　别站得远远 别那样孤零零 请　用愉悦的目光 欣赏我的从容

想像中﹐她的他是孤零零站在人潮洶湧的時報廣場﹐但還是阻碍不了她从容向他走去。

說文解字

“站得远远”﹐英文有幾種說法。最貼切﹐也是最口語化的當數 standoffish﹐這字是從 "stand off" 來﹐off 是 away from, 所以﹐stand off 就是 "站得远远的"。你若嫌 standoffish 太通俗﹐我們可以將它拉丁化: stand 的拉丁字是 stare﹐字基是 stant﹐away from 是 dis﹔拉丁造字法跟英文相反﹐副詞要加在前頭﹐所以﹐拉丁字 "站得远远的" 就是﹕ dis + stan => distant (separated in space)

其他 stant-words 包括﹕ circumstance 情況,形勢,環境;境況,境遇 = circum (around) + stance (standing) = things that are "standing around" = conditions surrounding an event circumstantial依據情況推測的 circumstantiate詳細地說,証明; constant不變的,一定的 = con (together) + stant (dtanding) = standing together; standing firm constancy堅定不移,恆久不變; distant遠的,久遠的,遠隔的 = dis (away from) + stant (standing) = standing away from; standing apart = remote, reserved distance 距離 extant現存的,未毀的 = ex (out) + stant (standing) = standing out (站立的) = be in existence (存在) instant緊迫的;立即的;本月的;已配製好的時刻;瞬息,霎時 = in (near) + stant (standing) = standing near (站得近﹐逼迫)

說文解字話詞彙 (7) May 13, 2005

Dis + spirit = 奪其勇氣

My friend is endlessly patient. 我的朋友耐心無窮﹐

Dull though I may be, I can return to him again and again, and he is always ready to teach me. 我雖遲鈍﹐仍然可以再三向她請教﹐而她也隨時有空教我。

When I am bored, he entertains me. When I am dispirited, he lifts me up. When I am lonely, he keeps me company. 我氣悶時﹐她為我解悶﹔ 我喪氣時﹐她激勵我﹔ 我寂寞時﹐她陪伴我。

說文解字

dispirit (vt.) 使沮喪,使氣餒 = dis (剝除) + spirit (有勇氣﹑有氣慨) = 奪其勇氣 => 使沮喪,使氣餒

1. spirit 靈魂﹐神靈﹐幽靈﹐鬼怪﹔精神﹐心情﹐情緒﹐氣概﹐勇氣 相關字包括﹕ spirit 靈魂﹐鬼怪﹔精神﹐氣概﹐勇氣 spiritual spirituality sprite 小妖,小鬼,妖精 aspire 渴望,向往,追求,有志於 aspiration conspire 陰謀,共謀, 圖謀 conspiracy expire 期滿, 呼氣, 斷 expiration inspire 使感動,激發,啟示,吸入,鼓舞,產生,使生靈感 inspiration perspire 出汗,流汗 perspiration respire 呼吸 respiration respiratory

2. dis 是個相反詞前綴﹐有底下數種用法﹕ 1) a : do the opposite of 相反動作 <dismount 下馬> <disarm 解除武裝> <dislike 不喜歡> b : deprive of (a specified quality, rank, or object) 除去﹑剝奪 <dishearten 使喪氣> <discover 發現> <discontent 不滿> c : exclude or expel from 驅逐 <disbar 逐出律師公會> 2) opposite or absence of 相反(加于名詞前) <disunion 分裂> <disaffection 不滿> <disaccord 不諧和> 3) not 不 (加于形容詞前) <disagreeable 不合意> <dishonest 不誠實> <discomfort 不舒適>

說文解字話詞彙 (8) May 15, 2005

從耕田到養性到文化

You must cultivate generosity and large-heartedness; you must be magnanimous and tolerant.

要立品養性﹐要慷慨大量﹐要憐憫仁厚﹐要襟懷寬大。

說文解字

Cultivate 在這裡是"修養品格﹑陶冶靈性“的意思。Culture/cultivate 在1440左右進入英文﹐最早是"耕種, to till" 的意思﹐後來延伸為"栽種﹑養殖﹑培育"﹔所以﹐農作是 agriculture, 園藝是"horticulture"﹐養魚是"pisciculture"﹐其他像養鳥﹑養蠶﹑養花﹑種樹﹑等等﹐都有名堂。比較新的是 tissue culture (組織培養)。到了1510﹐cultivate 已經有"修身養性" 的意思了。三百年候﹐culture 又更上一層樓﹐添加了 "文化" 的新字義。

字根﹕colere "tend, till 照顧﹑耕種"

字基﹕cult, cultiv (耕種﹑栽種﹑養殖﹑培育﹑養性﹑文化):

衍生字﹕

culture 文化﹑修養

cultural 文化的﹑教養的﹑修養的﹑教化的 = culture + al (與...有關的﹐related to﹐形容詞後綴﹐加于名詞後) = 于文化有關的 (related to culture) postal 郵政的 emotional 情緒的 seasonal 季節性

cult 非正統宗教

cultivate v. 耕種﹑培養 = cultiv (耕田) + ate (名詞後綴﹐做...事﹐perform the act of) = 做耕田的事 (performing the act of cultivating) motivate educate navigate negate

cultivation n. 耕種﹑培養 = cultivate + ion (名詞後綴﹐...的動作﹐ the act of) = 耕種的事 (the act of cultivation) = 農作﹑耕耘

agriculture 農耕 = agri (田地﹐field﹑land) + culture (耕種) = 耕種田地

horticulture 園藝 = horti (花園﹑菜園﹐grden) + culture (栽種﹑培育) = 花卉蔬菜的培育

sericulture 養蠶 = seri (serica, 蠶絲) + culture (培育)

viticulture 葡萄培育 apiculture 養蜂業 aquaculture 水耕法 aquarium 養魚缸 arboriculture 樹木栽培 Arbor Day 美國植樹節 aviculture 養鳥業 vermiculture 養蟲(worm) 米粉有人譯為vermicelli﹐一種細長的意大利麵條。 viniculture 葡萄釀酒業 tissue culture 組織培養

colony 殖民地 < L. colonia 屯墾地 < L. colere (耕耘) colonial = colony + al ((與...有關的﹐related to﹐形容詞後綴﹐加于名詞後) = 與殖民﹑殖民地有關的 colonialism 殖民主義 anti-colonialism 反殖民主義 colonize 殖民 colonization colonist 殖民者

說文解字話詞彙 (9) May 16, 2005

Deliver/Deliberate

O Lord, deliver me from every ignorance and heedlessness, from pettiness of the soul and stony hardness of heart. -- Prayer of Saint John Chrysostom 主啊，解救我﹗ 讓我不再無知﹑疏懶﹔ 讓我的心靈不再狹仄﹐心腸不再鐵硬。 -- 聖克裡索騰的祈禱文

若望。克裡索騰(347 - 407)是傑出的主教和佈道家。窮其一生﹐他慷慨激昂﹐指斥朝廷和法庭的腐敗。他又擅長演說﹐口若懸河﹐當時無人出其右。身後﹐受封為聖人﹐號為John Chrysostom。 Chrysostom 是由希臘字 chrysos 和 stoma 組成。Chrysos 是 gold (黃金)﹐stoma 是 mouth (口﹑嘴)﹔合起來就是 golden mouthed (金口)。他的口才是如何的出名﹐由此可見。

在這祈禱文裡﹐Deliver保留了它最原始的意思﹐set free (解放﹑解救)﹕

Deliver < O.Fr. delivrer < L. deliberare < de- "away" + liberare "to free"

字根﹕ Liber, free 自由.

字基﹕ liber

衍生字﹕ liberal = liber (自由) + al (與... 有關的﹔形容詞後綴) = a.自由﹐開放 liberality = liberal (自由) + ity (...的狀態﹔名詞後綴﹐加于形容詞後﹐與 ty 同義) = n. 自由 liberalize = liberal (自由) + ize (使變成﹔ 動詞後綴﹐加于形容詞後) = v. 自由化(指概念﹑制度等) In 1998, the Chinese government liberalized the market for private residential property. liberalization = liberalize (自由化) + ion (...的行為﹔ 名詞後綴﹐加于動詞後) = v. 自由化(指概念﹑制度等) ﹐自由運動 liberalism 自由主義 liberate = liber (自由) + ate (使﹔ 動詞後綴﹐加于形容詞後) = v. 解放 liberation = liberate (解放) + ion = n. 解放 the People's Liberation Army (中國)人民解放軍 liberator = liberare (自由) + or (...者﹔ 名詞後綴﹐加于動詞後) = n. 解放者 liberty = liber (自由) + ty (...的狀態﹔名詞後綴﹐加于形容詞後﹐與 ity 同義) = n. 自由 Give me liberty or give me death! 不自由，毋寧死 Liberty Bell 美國自由鐘 lib 解放運動 (由 liberation 縮短而來) Women's Lib 婦女解放運動﹐女權運動 libber 女權運動參加者 libertarian 自由意志論者 liberitarianism 自由意志論 deliberate a. 沉思熟慮的﹔v. 慎重考慮 deliberation n. 慎思熟慮

deliver v. 解救﹐传递﹐释放﹐发表﹐接生 < Fr. dlivrer = Lat. deliberare, to set free) deliverance = deliver + ance = n. 解救 delivery = deliver + y = n. 遞送